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HEMA FINALS > anemia part 2 > Flashcards

anemia part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Self-limiting, but severe even fatal following the administration of
drug that can cause immune hemolytic anemia

A

Drug-Induced immune hemolytic anemia

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2
Q

Usually occurs in newborns following the transplacental passage
of maternal anti-fetal red cells antibody

A

Alloimmune Hemolytic anemia

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3
Q

Nnemia due to mechanical extracorpuscular abnormality

A

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

Traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia

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4
Q

4 Disorders of MAHA:

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

Disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC)

hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels, and low platelet levels (HELLP)

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5
Q

is a group of clinical disorders characterized by RBC fragmentation
in the circulation resulting in intravascular hemolysis

A

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

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6
Q

RBC fragmentation

A

schistocytes or helmet cell

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7
Q

is rare and potentially fatal characterized by disseminated
thrombotic occlusions of the microcirculation.

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

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8
Q

clot formation

A

microthrombi

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9
Q

responsible for adhesion and application

A

von Willebrand factor

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10
Q

severe microangiopathic anemia caused by E. coli serotype 0:157
H7

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

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11
Q

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) causes

A

renal failure
thrombocytopenia (dec platelets)
mucocutaneous hemorrhage

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12
Q

Characterized by a widespread activation of the hemostatic
system, once it was activated it results into fibrin and thrombi
formation

A

Disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC)

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13
Q

is a very serious complication during pregnancy
characterized by

A

hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme low platelets count

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14
Q

anemia is caused by injury and fragmentation RBCs exposed to
high shear stresses on a foreign surface during cardiac surgery.

A

Traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia/ Macrovascular
hemoglobinuria

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15
Q

also known as Sports anemia

A

MARCH HEMOGLOBINURIA

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16
Q

Common in athletes and soldiers

A

MARCH HEMOGLOBINURIA / sports anemia

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17
Q

laboratory findings for Traumatic cardiac hemolytic anemia/ Macrovascular
hemoglobinuria

A

presence of schistocytes
inc. reticulocytes
dec. platelets
inc. LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase

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18
Q

laboratory findings for MARCH HEMOGLOBINURIA

A

o Destruction of RBC/Schistocytes
o Decrease Hct and Hgb
o Macrocytic: Tea colored urine
o Increase in Retics

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19
Q

Lab findings for HUS:

A

schistocytes, gastroenteritis

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20
Q

Lab findings for Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)

A

anemia, schistocytes

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21
Q

ANEMIA DUE TO INFECTIONS

A

Malaria
Bartonellosis

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22
Q

Can cause anemia by the rupture of infected cells at the
end of the asexual cycle

A

malaria

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23
Q

An uncommon hemolytic disorder
It can the transmitted either from deer, mice to humans
by vector (Ixodes dammini) or blood transfusion

A

Babesiosis

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24
Q

LABORATORY TEST OF ANEMIA DUE TO INFECTION

A

CBC
Peripheral smear
Reticulocyte count increases because of lysis
Serological test

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25
Q

ANEMIA DUE TO CHEMICAL AND PHYSIAL AGENTS

A

Drugs and chemicals
Venom
Thermal injury

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26
Q

Caused by oxidative denaturation of hemoglobin
leading to the formation of

A

i. Methemoglobin
ii. Sulfhemoglobin
iii. Heinz bodies

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27
Q

example of Drugs and chemicals

A

i. Naphthalene (Moth balls)
ii. Dapsone (for leprosy)
iii. Arsenic, copper, lead (for intravascular
hemolysis)

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28
Q

Decreased Retics

A

Anemia due to chronic renal failure
 Due to endocrine disorder
 Due to marrow infiltration (myelopthisic
anemia)
 Due to aplastic anemia

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29
Q

Increase Retics

A

Membrane defect
Enzyme deficiency
Globin abnormality

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30
Q

damage to RBCs circulating in the involved skin and tissues leading
to hemolysis

A

Thermal Injury

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31
Q

ANEMIA DUE TO MEMBRANE DEFECT

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis
Hereditary elliptocytosis
Hereditary stomatocytosis
Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
Hereditary acanthocytosis
Hereditary RH null
disease

32
Q

Type of inheritance: Hereditary Spherocytosis

A

Abnormal Autosomal

33
Q

Type of inheritance: Hereditary elliptocytosis

A

Autosomal dominant

34
Q

Type of inheritance: Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis

A

Autosomal recessive

35
Q

Type of inheritance: Hereditary
stomatocytosis

A

Autosomal recessive

36
Q

Also known as Marchiafava-micheli syndrome

A

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

37
Q

are chronic defect in RBC membrane considered to be sleeprelated hemoglobinuria

A

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA

38
Q

yellowish brown crystal that can be found in
urine

A

Hemosidinuria

39
Q

Special tests for Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobin

A

Ham’s Test/Ham’s Acidified Serum Test
Sugar Water Test/Sucrose Hemolysis
Crosby’s thrombin test
Cobra-venom test
Heat Resistance Test
Insulin Test

40
Q

patient’s RBC are exposed to 37
degrees Celsius to the action of the normal or
the patient’s own serum suitably acidified to
the optimum pH or lysis (pH - 6.5-7.0)

A

Ham’s Test/Ham’s Acidified Serum Test

41
Q

patient’s washed red cells are
mixed with ABO compatible normal serum
and isotonic sucrose

A

Sugar Water Test/Sucrose Hemolysis

42
Q

most commonly used tes
for PNH

A
43
Q

The patient’s red cells are
exposed at 37 degrees Celsius to the action
of normal own serum which has been suitably
acidified and which has been added with
commercial preparation of thrombin for lysis

A

Crosby’s thrombin test

44
Q

clotted blood is incubated at 37°C
and the expected for spontaneous lysis

A

Heat Resistance Test

45
Q

most common metabolic disorder of RBCs involving the
HMP (aerobic glycolysis) involving hexose
monophosphate

A

G6PD Deficiency

46
Q

fragmentation occurs as a result of:

A

RBCs passing through fibrin deposits inside the lumen of
arterioles and capillaries
 damaged epithelium and vessel walls

47
Q

most common metabolic disorder of RBCs involving the EMP

A

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

48
Q

decreased erythrocytes deformability that reduces the lifespan of
RBC

A

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

49
Q

Laboratory findings: Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

A

Fluorescent Spot Test (+)
Quantitative assay of PK (dec.)
↑ Reticulocyte count

50
Q

inherited defect that results in abnormal structure of one of
the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule caused by genetic
mutations.

A

Hemoglobinopathy - Globin abnormality

51
Q

hereditary hemolytic anemia occurs almost always in the Black
(Negros) race (Africa and US)

the abnormality is due to substitution of valine for glutamic acid
in position 6 in the beta chain

A

sickle cell anemia

52
Q

sickle cell anemia also known as

A

drepanocytosis

53
Q

Laboratory Findings: sickle cell anemia

A

peripheral smear
Decreased OFT
Increased Mechanical Fragility Test
Positive for Hb Solubility Screening Test
Electrophoresis

54
Q

a benign condition that generally does not affect mortality and
morbidity.

A

sickle cell trait

55
Q

heterozygous hemoglobin AS state

A

Sickle Cell Trait

56
Q

the abnormality is due to substitution of glutamic acid to lysine
in the sixth position of the beta chain.

A

. Hemoglobin C Disease

57
Q

the abnormality is due to substitution of glutamic acid to lysine
in the 26th position of the beta chain

A

Hemoglobin E Disease

58
Q

the most common double heterozygous syndrome

A

Hemoglobin SC

59
Q

results in a structural defect wherein different amino acid
substitutions are found on each of two beta globin chain in the 6th
position

A

Hemoglobin SC

60
Q

caused by inadequate production of erythropoietin by the kidneys

A

Anemia due to chronic renal failure

61
Q

this is the type of anemia associated with diseases of the endocrine
glands like hypothyroidism, pituitary deficiency and adrenal
gland deficiency.

A

Anemia due to Endocrine Disorder

62
Q

Infiltration of abnormal cells into the bone marrow and subsequent
destruction and replacement of the normal hematopoietic cells

A

Anemia due to Marrow Infiltration (Myelopthisic anemia)

63
Q

is a rare but potentially fatal bone marrow failure that can be
acquired or inherited

A

Aplastic anemia

64
Q

2 Types of Aplastic Anemia

A

Acquired Aplastic Anemia
Inherited Aplastic Anemia

65
Q

usually present at an early age and may have
associated congenital malformations

A

Inherited Aplastic Anemia

66
Q

two types of Inherited Aplastic Anemia

A

Fanconi Anemia
Dyskeratosis Congenita

67
Q

is an autosomal recessive
chromosome instability disorder

A

Fanconi Anemia

68
Q

is a rare, inherited bone marrow
failure syndrome

A

 Dyskeratosis Congenita

69
Q

is an increased concentration of erythrocytes in the blood that is
above the normal for age and sex

A

POLYCYTHEMIA

70
Q

refers to increase in hematocrit or RBC count due to decreased
plasma volume

A

Relative Polycythemia/ Pseudopolycythemia

71
Q

Causes of Relative Polycythemia

A

Acute dehydration
Stress

72
Q

refers to increase in the total red cell mass in the body

A

Absolute Polycythemia

73
Q

2 Classifications of Polycythemia

A

Relative Polycythemia/ Pseudopolycythemia
Absolute Polycythemia

74
Q

Polycythemia Vera other name

A

True Polycythemia
 Erythremia
 Vaquez-Osler’s disease
 Polycythemia rubra vera

75
Q

is the special name given to the polycythemia found in association
with Congenital Heart Disease

A

ERYTHROCYTOSIS

76
Q

2 diseases of ERYTHROCYTOSIS

A

Congenital Heart Disease (blue babies)
Chronic Lung Disease (emphysema)

77
Q

iron overload and accumulates in the parenchymal cells and
injures the tissues

A

HEMOCHROMATOSIS

HEMA FINALS (7 decks)

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