Blood Brain Barrier

Question 1

how is the BBB formed?

Answer 1

by the tight junction between endothelial cells of cerebral capillaries

Question 2

What is the BBB selective for?

Answer 2

for nutrients, and keeps out certain chemicals and drugs

Question 3

What is the BBBs function

Answer 3

to maintain a stable environment for the brain

Question 4

What is the BBB ineffective against?

Answer 4

fats, fatty acids, O2, CO2. and fat soluble molecules

Question 5

How much blood flow does the brain receive

Answer 5

15%

Question 6

what is the effect of a 10-second interruption to the blood flow?

Answer 6

unconsciousness

Question 7

what is the effect of a 1-minute interruption to the blood flow?

Answer 7

impaired neural function

Question 8

what is the effect of a 4-minute interruption to the blood flow?

Answer 8

irreversible brain damage

Question 9

What does the basilar artery divide into?

Answer 9

two posterior cerebral arteries

Question 10

what does the internal carotid artery branch into?

Answer 10

the anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 11

The circle of Willis

Answer 11

basilar artery connects to the internal carotid artery via the posterior communicating arteries.
it functions to maintain blood supply across the entire brain

Question 12

the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 12

supplies the medial aspect of the hemisphere (posterior 1/3), occipital lobes, inferior temporal lobe regions, brainstem, lateral and 3rd ventricles

Question 13

the middle cerebral artery

Answer 13

supplies almost all the lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres

Question 14

the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 14

supplies the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere (anterior 2/3) and basal nuclei

Question 15

Stroke

Answer 15

neurological damage that results from the reduction of blood supply to the brain. this can occur due to blockage of a cerebral artery leading to cerebral infection, or hemorrhage from an artery.

Question 16

Stroke in the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 16

results in contralateral hemiplegia (one artery) or bilateral paralysis (both arteries) and impaired sensation, greatest in the lower limb

Question 17

stroke in the middle cerebral artery

Answer 17

results in a severe contralateral hemiplegia and impaired sensation, most marked in the upper limb and face.
can result in severe aphasia if the dominant hemisphere is affected

Question 18

stroke in the posterior cerebral artery

Answer 18

results in contralateral homonymous hemianopia (won’t see the visual field opposite to the hemisphere of stroke)