Blood borne diseases Flashcards
1
Q
What are the common blood-borne viruses?
A
- HIV
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
2
Q
How does HIV replicate? How is contracted?
A
- Virus infects CD4 T-cells (lymphocytes), can also infect cells of the macrophage linage
- 2 types: HIV-1 is easily transmissible, HIV-2 is less infectious
- WhenHIVinfects the CD4 T cell, it attaches and fuses with it
- Then the viral RNA is converted into DNA. The viral DNA inserts itself into the host DNA
- As protein synthesis occurs, the viral DNA is also transcribed. This is how the HIV is expressed, and how it replicates
Transmission:
• blood, semen, vaginal fluid, (in saliva but not infectious)
3
Q
How does Hep B replicate? How is contracted?
A
- Is a DNA virus
- Inflammation of the liver
- Highly efficient replication
- Survives 1 week outside the body
- Core disintegrates as it infects and enters liver’s hepatocytes, revealing its viral DNA
Transmission:
Blood contact, vagina fluid, semen, saliva (maybe??)
4
Q
How does Hep C replicate? How is contracted?
A
• Is an RNA virus
• Uses host ribosomes to translate an RNA chain that is processed into viral proteins
RNA polymerase replicates; other proteins mediate assembly of virus particles
Transmission:
Blood contact
5
Q
What is the chance of transmission through occupational exposure?
A
- HBV: 22%- 62%
- HCV: 0 -7%
- HIV: 0.2 - 0.5%
6
Q
What can we do to reduce incidence of transmission?
A
- Isolate or hard-cover sharps
- Recap needles using one-hand technique or with another instrument
- Use instruments for intraoral retraction rather than fingers
- Sharps container for disposal
- Eyewear, face shields & masks
7
Q
What is the general management strategy for needlestick injury?
A
- Wound management
- Exposure reporting
- Assessment of infection risk: Type and severity of exposure, Blood-borne status of source person, Susceptibility of exposed person
- Post-exposure prophylaxis
- Status monitoring
