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Haematology > Blood Basics > Flashcards

Blood Basics Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of blood cells

A

red blood cells,
white blood cells,
platelets

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2
Q

Where are blood cells produced (Haematopoiesis) in mature adult?

A

stem cells in bone marrow

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3
Q

Where is blood produced in embryo?

A

yolk sac then liver then marrow, also spleen from month 3 to month 7

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4
Q

Where is blood produced at birth?

A

bone marrow, liver and spleen when needed

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5
Q

All bones contain bone marrow. T/f?

A

False - haumatopoeisis restricted to skull, ribs, sternum, pelvis, proximal ends of femur (axial skeleton) in mature adult

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6
Q

In children the active bone marrow sites are the same as in adults. T/F?

A

False - bone marrow active sites retreat to axial skeletons in adults

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7
Q

Approximately how many red cells, neutrophils and platelets are produced per minute?

A

Approx. 100 million red cells,
60million neutrophils,
150 million platelets

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8
Q

Why do most stem cells remain in a quiescent state?

A

Because try to preserve themselves because more reproduction means higher chance of problems occurring

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9
Q

Describe the concept of the haematopoietic tree

A

Stem cells come in different types, differentiate down into different types to eventually become different types of stem cells which then differentiate into different types of blood cells

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10
Q

Blood cells can only be differentiated as they develop into the mature version of the cell and cell size drops. It is much harder to tell when they are in stem cell division stages. T/F?

A

True

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11
Q

What happens in the last stage of maturation in erythropoiesis?

A

Nucleus removal

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12
Q

What happens in platelet formation that is different to the other blood cell formation?

A

Nucleus divides and multiplies but cell doesn’t divide like other blood cell formation, instead little pockets of big cytoplasm bud off and become platelets

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13
Q

On what cell does budding occur in the process of making red blood cells?

A

Megakaryocyte

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14
Q

What are 2 basic roles of red cells?

A

Carry oxygen,

buffer CO2

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15
Q

What is basic role of platelets?

A

Coagulation

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16
Q

What are 2 basic roles of white cells?

A

Fight infection,

cancer prevention

17
Q

Name the 3 types of granulocytes?

A

Eosinophils, (red staining)
basophils, (blue staining)
neutrophils

18
Q

What is most numerous white cell in blood stream?

A

Neutrophils

19
Q

Why are neutrophils sometimes called polymorphs?

A

Because have segmented nucleus and so come in lots of different shapes

20
Q

Function of neutrophils? (2)

A

Immediate defence cells by phagocytosing invader cells by granule contents or taking them up, die in process,
attract other cells

21
Q

Lifespan of neutrophils?

A

very short - hours to 1 day

22
Q

When neutrophils increased? (3)

A

infection,
trauma,
infarction

23
Q

Eosinphils nucleus shape?

A

bi-lobed

24
Q

Function of eosinophils? (2)

A

fight parasitic infections,

involved in hypersensitivity

25
Q

Patients with what conditions may have elevated eosinophils?

A

Allergic conditions e.g. asthma or atopic rhinitis

26
Q

Basophils are infrequent. T/F?

A

True

27
Q

Basophils appearance?

A

often can’t see nucleus, granules stain purple

28
Q

Basophils role?

A

Not sure but acts as a circulating version of tissue mast cell,
some role in hypersensitivity cos have IgE receptors and histamine in granules

29
Q

Monocyte appearance? (3)

A

Large single nucleus,
faintly staining granules,
often vacuolated

30
Q

Monocytes lifeplan?

A

circulate for a week and enter tissues to become macrophages

31
Q

Function of monocytes? (3)

A

phagocytose invaders - killing them and presenting antigen to lymphocytes,
attract other cells,
modulate immune reactions

32
Q

Neutrophils live longer than monocytes. T/F?

A

False - monocytes live much longer

33
Q

Mature lymphocytes appearance?

A

Small condensed nucleus with rim of cytoplasm

34
Q

Activated lymphocytes appearance?

A

Large with lots of blue cytoplasm, nucleus more open

35
Q

types of lymphocytes? (3)

A

B cells,
T cells,
NK cells

36
Q

B cell function

A

humoral immunity (antibodies)

37
Q

T cell function

A

cell-mediated immunity,

regulatory function

38
Q

Which lymphocyte is involved in fighting viral infections

A

T cells

Haematology (25 decks)

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