Blood Banking II Flashcards
Special antigens
1 Bombay antigen
2 Australia antigen
Terminal carbohydrates of RBC
Fucose
Galactose
Subtypes
O > A1 > B > A2 > AB
Most basic surface antigen
H antigen
Has H-antigen only
Blood type O
Discovered that blood clumping is an immunological reaction
Karl Landsteiner
A antigen
H-antigen + N acetyl-galactosamine
Phenotype and genotype representations in the ABO blood typing system
(Review)
B antigen
H-antigen + another galactose
Located on the surface of RBCs
Antigens
ABO gene locus
Chromosome 9
No H antigen
Bombay antigen
Discovered Australia antigen
Baruch Blumberg
Causes susceptibility to certain diseases such as infectious mononucleosis and hepatitis infection
Australia antigen
T or F. ABO gene is autosomal
T
Co-dominant groups
A and B
Located in the blood plasma
Antibodies
Other term for reverse ABO screening
Antibody screening
Universal donor
O+
Location of Fy locus
Near the centromere on the long arm of chromosome 1 (syntenic to Rh which is located near the tip of the short arm)
Rh+
RBCs carry the Rh or D antigen
If a person inherited one group A gene and one group B gene, his RBC would possess both the A and B blood group antigens
Co-dominance
Rh Nomenclature
1 Fisher-Race Classification (C, E, D minor subtypes)
2 Weiner Classification
Weakly reacting D antigens
Du
Hemolytic anemia in fetus or neonate, caused by transplacental transmission of maternal antibodies to fetal RBCs
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Signs of erythroblastosis fetalis in the neonate
1 Pallor
2 Hepatosplenomegaly
3 Jaundice
Results from incompatibility between maternal and fetal Rh antigens
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Difference of M and N
Amino acid sequence at positions 1 and 5
Signifies active hemolysis in the neonate
Hepatosplenomegaly
AB-
Universal recipient
Easily destroyed by routine blood bank proteolytic enzymes (ficin, papain, and bromelin) because of their location
M and N
Surface antigens
1 H antigen
2 A antigen
3 B antigen
Signs of erythroblastosis fetalis in the mother
Polyhydramnions
Major RBC sialic acid-rich glycoprotein
Glycophorin A
Amino acid sequence of M
Serine (1)
Glycine (5)
Transmembrane proteins with loops exposed on the surface of RBCs
Rh antigens
A protein that carries many antigens
Glyocophorin
Difference of S and s
Amino acids at position 29 on Glycophorin B
Less easily degraded by enzymes because antigens are located farther down the glycoprotein
S and s
Amino acid at position 29 of s
Threonine
Detected on renal capillary endothelium and epithelium
M, N, S
Gene coding for GPB
GYPB
Amino acid sequence of N
Leucine (1) Glutamic acid (5)
Not synthesized by RBCs; only adsorbed from plasma
Lewis antigens