Blood Banking I Flashcards
0
Q
Fully described the circulation and properties of blood
A
William Harvey
1
Q
King Louis XIV’s physician who transfused blood from a sheep
A
Jean-Baptiste Denys
2
Q
Richard Lewisohn
A
Sodium citrate as an anticoagulant of blood
3
Q
Discovered the first human blood groups
A
Karl Landsteiner
4
Q
What is blood banking?
A
The process of collecting (donation), testing, processing, and storing blood for later use (transfusion)
5
Q
Lead to establishment of blood banks
A
Discovery of sodium citrate as a blood anticoagulant
6
Q
First recorded attempt of a blood transfusion
A
1942: Pope Innocent VIII
8
Q
Discovered AB blood group
A
Alfred von Decastello
Adriano Sturli
9
Q
Ethanol fractionation
A
Method of breaking down blood into its component parts to obtain albumin, gamma, globulin, and fibrinogen
10
Q
Albert Hustin
A
Conducted the first non-direct transfusion using sodium citrate as an anticoagulant
11
Q
Old term for AIDS
A
Gay-related Immunodeficiency Disease
12
Q
First blood depot
A
Large amounts of Type O were collected, preserved, and used for wounded soldiers
13
Q
Introduced plastic blood bag
A
Fenwal Co.
14
Q
Charles Drew
A
Pioneer in plasma preservation and a major contributor to the advancement of blood banking in the US
15
Q
Suggested cross-matching
A
Reuben Ottenberg
16
Q
What is babesiosis?
A
Disease caused by a protozoan, spread by Ixodes scapularis ticks
17
Q
American Association of Blood Banks
A
1 Organized to support and encourage continued blood research
2 Promote exchange of information
3 Develop standards of practice for blood banks
18
Q
Other term for blood banking
A
Transfusion medicine
19
Q
Developed ethanol fractionation
A
Edwin Cohn
20
Q
Opened first true blood bank
A
Chicago’s Cook County Hospital
21
Q
Preparation before donating blood
A
1 Have enough rest and sleep
2 No alcohol intake 24 hours prior to blood collection
3 No medications for at least 24 hours prior to blood collection
4 Have something to eat prior to blood donation
5 Drink plenty of fluids
22
Q
Deferral time for pheresis
A
48 hours
23
Q
RBCs are transfused back to the patient
A
Cell saver
24
Q
Basic requirements
A
1 In good health
2 Between 16 to 65 years old (16 and 17 year olds need parents’ consent)
3 Weigh at least 110 pounds
4 Have a blood pressure between
Systolic: 90-160 mmHg
Diastolic: 60-100 mmHg
5 Pass the physical and health history assessments
25
Advantages of autologous donation
1 Blood that is positive for infectious agents and with irregular blood group antibodies are acceptable
2 Safer than allogeneic blood
3 No criteria for testing
4 No allergic reactions
26
Screening for blood donation
1 Medical history
| 2 Physical examination
27
Spread by Trypanosoma cruzi, triatomine bugs
Chagas' disease
28
Reduces need for allogeneic blood transfusion
Cell saver
29
What to do after blood donation?
1 Drink plenty of fluids
2 Refrain from stooping down after blood donation
3 Refrain from strenuous activities
4 Avoid using the punctured arm in lifting heavy objects
5 Apply pressure on the punctured site and lift the arm in case the site is still bleeding
6 If there is discoloration and swelling on the punctured site, you may apply cold compress for 24 hours
7 If there is dizziness, lie down with your feet elevated and drink plenty of fluids
30
Amount of blood to be drawn
Allowable amount (mL) = (donor's weight in pounds x 450 mL)/110 mL
31
Three methods of using patient's blood
1 Hemodilution
2 Cell saver
3 Wound drainage
32
Discovered Rh group
Alexander Wiener
33
Steps in donating blood
1 Have your weight taken
2 Register and complete the donor registration form truthfully
3 Have your blood type and hemoglobin checked
4 A physician will conduct a blood donor examination
5 Actual donation (350 or 450 cc)
6 After donation: 5 to 10 minute rest and plenty of fluid intake
34
African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei, tsetse fly
35
History of heart disease, active pulmonary disease, cancer, leukemia, lymphoma
Deferred
36
Medical history
1 Donated blood
2 Antibiotics for acne are acceptable
3 History of heart disease, active pulmonary disease, cancer, leukemia, lymphoma
4 History of hepatitis after 11th birthday
5 History of babesios and Chagas' disease
6 African sleeping sickness
7 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
8 Male having sex with men since 1977
37
Plasmapheresis
Separation and withdrawal of plasma
38
Temperature
Less than or equal to 37.5 Celsius
39
Poison ivy and other rashes
Acceptable
40
Hemoglobin
Greater than or equal to 12.5 g/dL
41
Blood from surgery is recovered, mixed with saline and anticoagulant, centrifuged, and washed
Cell saver
42
Blood is collected from cavities
Wound drainage
43
Pulse
50-100 BPM
44
Usual granulocytes harvested
1 Basophils
2 Eosinophils
3 Neutrophils
45
Destroys WBCs that cause TA-GvHD
Gamma irradiation
46
Previously collected higher hematocrit blood is transfused back to the patient after surgery
Hemodilution
47
General appearance
1 No cough
2 Not under the influence of drugs or alcohol
3 Normal skin color
4 No signs of skin infection, rash, enlarged lymph nodes
48
Blood is collected prior to surgery and replaced with plasma
Hemodilution
49
Principle of centrifugation
Blood components are separated by centrifugal force due to their differences in densities
50
Blood is for personal use
Autologous donation
51
Deferral time for those who have donated blood
8 weeks/56 days
52
Purpose of plateletpheresis
Avoidance of complications of thrombosis, bleeding, DIC, and formation of blood clots
53
Used for screening for liver problems
ALT
54
What is therapeutic apheresis?
Removal of blood components that are defective/abnormal and cause pathologic disease
55
Kinds of hemapheresis
1 Plasmapheresis
2 Plateletpheresis
3 Leukapheresis
56
Controls the movement of oxygen from red blood cells to body tissues
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate
57
Affects the transfusion recipient's bone marrow
TA-GvHD
58
Removes thrombi and tissue fragments but not cytokines
Filter in wound drainage
59
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Deferred
60
Blood is collected for a specific patient such as a family relative
Directed donation
61
Recipients of plateletpheresis
Patients who have become HLA sensitized and require platelets from donors whose HLA type matches theirs
62
Other term for Chagas' disease
American Trypanosomiasis
63
Blood lost during and immediately after surgery is collected and reinfused
Cell saver
64
Leukapheresis
Separation and withdrawal of leukocytes
65
Recipients of clotting factors
1 Hemophiliacs
| 2 Severe burn patients
66
Examples of blood components removed by therapeutic apheresis
1 Over-reactive WBCs
2 Pathologic antibodies
3 Defective clotting factors
67
Process of hemapheresis
1 Separated portions of interest are withdrawn and transfused to the patient
2 Remaining components are re-transfused to the donor
68
Released into the blood when the liver and heart are damaged
Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
69
Reduces circulating antibodies and immune complexes
Removal of plasma with saline solution
70
Other term for triatomine bugs
Kissing bugs
71
Recipients of granulocyte transfusions
1 Neonates with low immune system (septic neonates)
2 Patients with severe fungal infections or leukemia
3 Patients with defective hematopoietic stem cell progenitor cells
72
Stem cell harvesting
Circulating bone marrow stem cells can be harvested for research on stem cell therapy and treatment
73
Circulatory problems caused by excess blood proteins
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1 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
2 Myasthenia gravis
3 Guillain-Barre syndrome
4 Hyperviscosity syndromes
5 Paraproteinemia
6 Cryoglobulinemia
7 Goodpasture's syndrome
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74
Complications of directed donation
1 Confidentiality
2 Not cost effective
3 Increased risk for transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
4 Alloimmunization of potential recipients of transplants
5 Increased risk for hemolytic disease of the newborn
75
Reduces loss of RBCs during surgery
Hemodilution
76
Associated with hematopoietic cell transplantation
HCT-associated GvHD
77
Blood components from least dense to most dense
Plasma - Platelets - Lymphocytes - Monocytes - Granulocyte - RBCs
78
Other term for SGPT
Alanine aminotransferase
79
Vaccines that generally do not affect eligibility
Vaccines made from killed/inactivated/recombinant material
80
Prevented clotting during transfusions by sewing veins and arteries of the donor and recipient together
Alexis Carrel
81
Double red blood cells
16 weeks/112 days
82
Causes a shift to the left of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve
Decreased levels of 2,3-DPG
83
What is sepsis?
Inflammation triggered by chemicals released into the bloodstream
84
Alloantigens
Antigens derived from a genetically dissimilar animal of the same species
86
Other anticoagulants used for storage
Citrate phosphate double dextrose
88
Plasma and platelets
2-3 weeks
89
Where is iron found?
1 Hemoglobin
2 Myoglobin
3 Cytochrome
90
Risk factors for developing TA-GvHD
1 Degree of recipient immunodeficiency
2 Number of viable T lymphocytes (affected by component age, level of leukodepletion, and irradiation status)
3 Genetic diversity in HLA expression between donor and recipient
93
Abnormally high platelet counts
Myoproliferative disorders
94
Vaccines that restrict use of some parts of donation for a short period of time
Vaccines made from live material
95
What is hemochromatosis?
Condition where there is too much absorption or storage of iron
96
Skin lesions on arms
Deferred
97
Function of phosphate
Buffer
97
Function of dextrose
Red cell energy source
98
3 separate components supplied by a single donation of whole blood
1 Packed RBCs
2 Platelets
3 FFP
98
Functions of adenine
1 Allows RBCs to resynthesize ATP
| 2 Extends storage tine from 21 to 35 days
99
Plateletpheresis
Separation and withdrawal of platelets
100
Physical examination
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1 General appearance
2 Weight
3 Temperature
4 Pulse
5 Blood Pressure
6 Hemoglobin
7 Skin lesions
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101
What is hemapheresis?
Process of removing blood constituents (may be normal or abnormal) from circulating blood via filtration or centrifugation
102
Other term for hemapheresis
Apheresis
103
Temperature requirements for storage
1 Whole blood and liquid RBCs (1-6 Celsius)
| 2 FFP and cryoprecipitate (
104
Types of blood collection
1 Autologous donation
| 2 Directed donation
105
Used to check hemoglobin level of a donor
Sample of blood taken from a finger prick
106
Antibiotics for acne
Acceptable
108
Packed red blood cells
70% of plasma removed via centrifugation
109
Granulocyte storage
Transfuse within 24 hours
112
Platelet storage
Room temperature (5 days)
113
Other term for African sleeping sickness
African trypanosomiasis
113
Function of citrate
Anticoagulant
115
Fresh frozen plasma storage
Frozen (1 year)
117
Washed units
Depleted of plasma and leukocytes
118
James Blundell
Successfully transfused human blood to a patient who had hemorrhage during child birth
119
Blood storage
1 EDTA
2 Heparin
3 Citrate phosphate dextrose or citrate phosphate dextrose adenine
120
Antifreeze action
40% glycerol
121
Cryoprecipitate AHF from FFP storage
Frozen (1 year)
122
Types of RBC products
1 Whole blood
2 Packed RBCs
3 Frozen deglycerolized RBCs
Leukocytes with depleted RBCs
122
Whole blood products
Whole blood - Platelet-rich plasma - Packed red blood cells - Fresh frozen plasma
125
Advantages of cryopreserved blood
1 Maintains storage of Rh(-) blood
2 Provides plasma-free blood to persons with IgA deficiency
3 Usually given to persons who are difficult to cross-match due to multiple alloantibodies
134
RBC storage
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1 Refrigerated (4 days)
2 Frozen (10 years)
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