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ANATOMY 2 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma makes up what percentage of blood?

A

55%

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2
Q

Buffy coat (WBC/Platelles) make up what percent of blood?

A

<1%

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3
Q

Erythrocytes make up what percent of blood?

A

45% (hematocrit)

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4
Q

Function of blood?

A 
Distribution
  -gases, nutrients, hormones, stem cells
Regulation
  -thermo, pH balance, blood volume
Protection
  -WBCs, hemostasis (blood clotting)
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5
Q

Plasma Compostion

A 
Proteins
Nutrients
Electrolytes
Waste
Blood Gasses
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6
Q

Plasma Proteins

A

Albumin (60%)
Globulin (36%)
Fibrinogen (4%)
Hormone Enzymes (<1%)

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7
Q

Albumin

A

Makes up 60% of proteins found in plasma

  • LARGE protein
  • Heavy = has a negative charge
  • can NOT leave circulation due to size
  • Osmotic = attraction to H2O
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8
Q

Globulin

A

Makes up 36% of proteins found in blood plasma

  • alpha = antibodies
  • beta = transport proteins (for steroids, etc…)
  • gamma = immunoglobins
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9
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Makes of 4% of blood plasma proteins

  • Solvable protein
  • enzyme turns it to fibrin = blood clot
    - cell damage activates enzyme
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10
Q

Plasma nutrients include:

A 
glucose
lactate
amino acids
vitamins
minerals
cholesterol
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11
Q

Plasma electrolytes include:

A

Na+ (90%)
K+
Cl-
H+

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12
Q

Plasma wastes include:

A

CO2
Urea
Ammonia
-both urea/ammonia used for transport of harmful respiration byproducts

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13
Q

Eurytrocytes

A

RBCs

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14
Q

Hemopoesis

A

Formation of blood cells

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15
Q

Eurthropoesis

A

Formation of RBCs

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16
Q

Characteristics of RBCs

A
  • Bi-concave = increase Surface Area
  • NO ORGANELLES = DEAD = CANNOT REGENERATE
  • flexible
17
Q

hemoglobin

A
  • Protein in RBC that carries O2
  • 250 mil per RBC
  • broken into 4 heme groups
    - each heme group carries 1 O2 molecule
  • 1 RBC can carry 1 billion O2 molecules
18
Q

Function of RBC?

A

Transport O2
Binds and release nitric oxide
-vasodialator = increased blood flow

19
Q

Creation of RBC (7 steps)

A

1- Hypoxia = lack of O2 or hypoxemia = lack of O2 in blood
2- Liver/kidneys sense low levels of O2
3- Erythropoietin secreted (EPO)
4- Stimulation of red bone marrow (hemocytoblast)
5- Accelerated erythropoiesis
6- increased RBC count
7- increased blood O2 transport

20
Q

Decomp of RBC

A

broken up by liver/spleen

heme, iron, globing recycled

21
Q

Granuloacytes Include

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
basophiles

22
Q

Agranulocytes Include:

A

Monocyte

Lymphocyte

23
Q

Neutrophil

A

60% of WBCs

  • 1st @ wound/infection site
  • vesicles w/ lysozomes
  • phagocytises and lyse pathogens
  • destroys BACTERIA/FUNGI
24
Q

Eosinophil

A

1-3% of WBCs

-respond to allergens/parasites

25
Q

Basophils

A 
Secretes heparin (anti-coagulant) = ^ blood flow
Secretes histamine (vasodialator) = ^blood flow
Responds to allergies/invadors (INFLAMMATION RESPONSE)
26
Q

Lymphocyte

A

Involved in specific immunity

  • T-lymphocytes = thymus
  • B lymphocytes = bone marrow
    • produce anti-bodies

Respond to virus AND bacteria

27
Q

Monocyte

A

become macrophage upon diapedesis

28
Q

Diapedesis

A

Process where a monocytes leaces vascular system through a cleft

29
Q

Leukocyte Development

A
  • Cytokins released by luekocytes & inflammation (cell damage)
  • Stimulates stem cells & leukocytes = reproduction
30
Q

Chemotaxis

A

movement along chemical gradient

-how WBCs locate wound site

31
Q

hemostasis

A

Stoppage of blood flow or clotting

32
Q

Platelets are derived from what cell?

A

Mega karyocyte ==> breaks into many platelets

33
Q

Steps of Hemostasis (3 steps)

A

1- VASOSPASM

   - SM contracts
   - chemical release (cytokines)
             - platelet activation = releases seatonin = vasoconstrictor

2- Platelet Plug
-platelets become sticky and form plug

3- Coagulation
-fibrinogen turned into fibrin (insoluble) via enzyme thrombin

34
Q

Synthetic version of hemostasis is:

A

coterizing

  • uses heat to denature proteins such as fibrinogen to fibrin
  • EXCEPT FOR BONE TISSUE
    • bees wax used to clot

ANATOMY 2 (9 decks)

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