Blood 3

Question 1

What do neutrophils secrete to destroy certain bacteria?

Answer 1

Lysozymes

Question 2

What role do neutrophils play in infections?

Answer 2

They are critical in the early stages of inflammation and infection.

Question 3

What is a hallmark of acute inflammation?

Answer 3

The presence of neutrophils.

Question 4

What percentage of white blood cells (WBCs) do eosinophils constitute?

Answer 4

1–4%.

Question 5

What is one of the primary functions of eosinophils?

Answer 5

Parasitic defense by attaching to and releasing substances to kill large parasites.

Question 6

How do eosinophils modulate inflammation?

Answer 6

By increasing in number during allergic reactions and producing enzymes that destroy inflammatory chemicals like histamine.

Question 7

What role do eosinophils play in allergies?

Answer 7

They are involved in allergic reactions and asthma, contributing to airway inflammation.

Question 8

What percentage of white blood cells do basophils constitute?

Answer 8

0.5–1%.

Question 9

What is one of the main functions of basophils?

Answer 9

Increase in number during allergic and inflammatory reactions.

Question 10

What substances do basophils secrete?

Answer 10

Histamine and heparin.

Question 11

How do basophils contribute to inflammation?

Answer 11

By secreting histamine, which increases inflammation.

Question 12

What percentage of white blood cells do lymphocytes make up?

Answer 12

20–40%.

Question 13

What is the role of B cells in the immune response?

Answer 13

Produce antibodies that target specific antigens.

Question 14

What do T cells do?

Answer 14

Attack and destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Question 15

What is the function of NK cells?

Answer 15

Destroy infected or cancerous cells without prior sensitization.

Question 16

Why are lymphocytes crucial for the body?

Answer 16

They are key to the adaptive immune system and maintain immune memory.

Question 17

What is amoeboid movement in WBCs?

Answer 17

WBCs move by extending pseudopodia, allowing them to navigate through tissues and reach infection sites.

Question 18

What is diapedesis in the context of WBCs?

Answer 18

The process by which WBCs exit the bloodstream and enter tissues by squeezing through gaps in endothelial cells.

Question 19

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 19

The attraction of WBCs to specific chemicals released by pathogens or damaged tissues, guiding them to infection sites.

Question 20

What is pus composed of?

Answer 20

Dead WBCs, bacteria, cellular debris, and fluid.

Question 21

How is pus formed?

Answer 21

Pus forms at infection sites where WBCs have fought pathogens and subsequently died.

Question 22

What are platelets also known as?

Answer 22

Thrombocytes.

Question 23

What is the primary role of platelets?

Answer 23

To play a role in clotting.

Question 24

What is the normal range of platelets in the blood?

Answer 24

A b o u t 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 - 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 p e r m i c r o l i t e r ( ¼ L ).

Question 25

What is hemostasis?

Answer 25

A sequence of responses that stops bleeding.

Question 26

What occurs during vascular spasm?

Answer 26

Contraction of smooth muscle cells in the vascular walls.

Question 27

What is the first step in hemostasis?

Answer 27

Vascular spasm.

Question 28

What is platelet plug formation?

Answer 28

The process where platelets adhere to the site of injury and aggregate.

Question 29

What is platelet adhesion?

Answer 29

The process where platelets stick to the exposed collagen at the injury site.

Question 30

What is the platelet release reaction?

Answer 30

The release of chemical signals from activated platelets to recruit more platelets.

Question 31

What is platelet aggregation?

Answer 31

The clumping together of platelets to form a plug.

Question 32

What does blood clotting/coagulation involve?

Answer 32

Clotting factors.

Question 33

What is the source of Fibrinogen?

Answer 33

Liver.