Blood

Question 1

What is the primary function of blood?

Answer 1

To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

Question 2

What are the main components of blood?

Answer 2

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

Question 3

What is the role of red blood cells?

Answer 3

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and return carbon dioxide to the lungs.

Question 4

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 4

To defend the body against infections and foreign invaders.

Question 5

What is the role of platelets in blood?

Answer 5

To help with blood clotting and prevent bleeding.

Question 6

What is blood plasma composed of?

Answer 6

Water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products.

Question 7

How are blood cells formed?

Answer 7

Through a process called hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.

Question 8

What is blood typing?

Answer 8

The classification of blood based on the presence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

Question 9

What are the primary functions of blood?

Answer 9

Transportation, regulation, and protection.

Question 10

How does the density of blood compare to water?

Answer 10

Blood is denser and more viscous than water.

Question 11

What is the average temperature of blood?

Answer 11

38 °C.

Question 12

What is the pH range of blood?

Answer 12

Alkaline pH from 7.35 to 7.45.

Question 13

What color is oxygen-saturated blood?

Answer 13

Bright red.

Question 14

What color is oxygen-unsaturated blood?

Answer 14

Dark red.

Question 15

What percentage of extracellular fluid does blood constitute?

Answer 15

About 20%.

Question 16

What is the average blood volume in an adult male?

Answer 16

5 to 6 liters (1.5 gallons).

Question 17

What is the average blood volume in an adult female?

Answer 17

4 to 5 liters (1.2 gallons).

Question 18

What percentage of blood is made up of formed elements?

Answer 18

45%.

Question 19

What percentage of blood is blood plasma?

Answer 19

55%.

Question 20

What is the water content in blood plasma?

Answer 20

91.5%.

Question 21

What are the main solutes in blood plasma?

Answer 21

8.5% solutes (7% plasma proteins, 1.5% other solutes).

Question 22

What are the three main types of plasma proteins?

Answer 22

Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen.

Question 23

What are the formed elements in blood?

Answer 23

Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.

Question 24

What are red blood cells also known as?

Answer 24

Erythrocytes.

Question 25

What are white blood cells also known as?

Answer 25

Leukocytes.

Question 26

What are platelets also known as?

Answer 26

Thrombocytes.

Question 27

What is the liquid portion of blood called?

Answer 27

Water (91.5%).

Question 28

What is the primary function of water in blood?

Answer 28

Solvent and suspending medium; absorbs, transports, and releases heat.

Question 29

What percentage of blood plasma is made up of plasma proteins?

Answer 29

7%.

Question 30

What is the main role of plasma proteins?

Answer 30

Responsible for colloid osmotic pressure and contribute to blood viscosity.

Question 31

What are albumins?

Answer 31

The smallest and most numerous plasma proteins that help maintain osmotic pressure.

Question 32

What is the function of globulins?

Answer 32

Transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins; immunoglobulins help attack viruses and bacteria.

Question 33

What role does fibrinogen play in blood?

Answer 33

It plays an essential role in blood clotting.

Question 34

What are electrolytes in blood plasma?

Answer 34

Inorganic salts that help maintain osmotic pressure and play essential roles in cell functions.

Question 35

What nutrients are found in blood plasma?

Answer 35

Products of digestion such as amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, vitamins, and minerals.

Question 36

What percentage of white blood cells are lymphocytes?

Answer 36

20-25%.

Question 37

What types of cells are included in lymphocytes?

Answer 37

T cells, B cells, and NK cells.

Question 38

What is the function of monocytes in the immune system?

Answer 38

They differentiate into macrophages.

Question 39

What percentage of white blood cells are monocytes?

Answer 39

3-8%.

Question 40

Which type of white blood cell is the most abundant?

Answer 40

Neutrophil.

Question 41

What percentage of white blood cells do neutrophils comprise?

Answer 41

55–70%.

Question 42

What is the primary function of neutrophils?

Answer 42

Phagocytosis.

Question 43

What do neutrophils phagocytize?

Answer 43

Bacteria, antigen-antibody complexes, and other foreign matter.