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HES 029 > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of blood?

A

To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

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2
Q

What are the main components of blood?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

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3
Q

What is the role of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and return carbon dioxide to the lungs.

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4
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

To defend the body against infections and foreign invaders.

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5
Q

What is the role of platelets in blood?

A

To help with blood clotting and prevent bleeding.

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6
Q

What is blood plasma composed of?

A

Water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products.

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7
Q

How are blood cells formed?

A

Through a process called hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.

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8
Q

What is blood typing?

A

The classification of blood based on the presence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

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9
Q

What are the primary functions of blood?

A

Transportation, regulation, and protection.

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10
Q

How does the density of blood compare to water?

A

Blood is denser and more viscous than water.

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11
Q

What is the average temperature of blood?

A

38 °C.

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12
Q

What is the pH range of blood?

A

Alkaline pH from 7.35 to 7.45.

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13
Q

What color is oxygen-saturated blood?

A

Bright red.

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14
Q

What color is oxygen-unsaturated blood?

A

Dark red.

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15
Q

What percentage of extracellular fluid does blood constitute?

A

About 20%.

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16
Q

What is the average blood volume in an adult male?

A

5 to 6 liters (1.5 gallons).

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17
Q

What is the average blood volume in an adult female?

A

4 to 5 liters (1.2 gallons).

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18
Q

What percentage of blood is made up of formed elements?

A

45%.

19
Q

What percentage of blood is blood plasma?

A

55%.

20
Q

What is the water content in blood plasma?

A

91.5%.

21
Q

What are the main solutes in blood plasma?

A

8.5% solutes (7% plasma proteins, 1.5% other solutes).

22
Q

What are the three main types of plasma proteins?

A

Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen.

23
Q

What are the formed elements in blood?

A

Red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.

24
Q

What are red blood cells also known as?

A

Erythrocytes.

25
Q

What are white blood cells also known as?

A

Leukocytes.

26
Q

What are platelets also known as?

A

Thrombocytes.

27
Q

What is the liquid portion of blood called?

A

Water (91.5%).

28
Q

What is the primary function of water in blood?

A

Solvent and suspending medium; absorbs, transports, and releases heat.

29
Q

What percentage of blood plasma is made up of plasma proteins?

A

7%.

30
Q

What is the main role of plasma proteins?

A

Responsible for colloid osmotic pressure and contribute to blood viscosity.

31
Q

What are albumins?

A

The smallest and most numerous plasma proteins that help maintain osmotic pressure.

32
Q

What is the function of globulins?

A

Transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins; immunoglobulins help attack viruses and bacteria.

33
Q

What role does fibrinogen play in blood?

A

It plays an essential role in blood clotting.

34
Q

What are electrolytes in blood plasma?

A

Inorganic salts that help maintain osmotic pressure and play essential roles in cell functions.

35
Q

What nutrients are found in blood plasma?

A

Products of digestion such as amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, vitamins, and minerals.

36
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are lymphocytes?

A

20-25%.

37
Q

What types of cells are included in lymphocytes?

A

T cells, B cells, and NK cells.

38
Q

What is the function of monocytes in the immune system?

A

They differentiate into macrophages.

39
Q

What percentage of white blood cells are monocytes?

A

3-8%.

40
Q

Which type of white blood cell is the most abundant?

A

Neutrophil.

41
Q

What percentage of white blood cells do neutrophils comprise?

A

55–70%.

42
Q

What is the primary function of neutrophils?

A

Phagocytosis.

43
Q

What do neutrophils phagocytize?

A

Bacteria, antigen-antibody complexes, and other foreign matter.

HES 029 (5 decks)

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