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Pharmacology > α/β blockers > Flashcards

α/β blockers Flashcards

1
Q

α blockers - drugs (and characteristics)

A
  1. phenoxybenzamine (non-selective, irreversible)
  2. phentolamine (non-selective, reversible)
  3. prazosin (α1)
  4. terazosin (α1)
  5. doxazosin (α1)
  6. tamsulosin (α1)
  7. mirtazapine (α2)
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2
Q

non-selective α-blockers (and special characteristics) and side effects

A
  1. phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)
  2. phentolamine (reversible)
    SE: 1. orthostatic hypertension 2. reflex tachycardia
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3
Q

phenoxybenzamine - clinical use

A

pheochromocytoma (used preoperatively), to prevent catecholamine (hypertensive) crisis

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4
Q

phentolamine - clinical use

A

give to patients on MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine-containing fods

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5
Q

a1 selecive blockers - drugs and clinical use

A

-OSIN
1. prazosin 2. terazosin 3. doxazosin 4. tamsulosin
clinical use: 1. BPH 2. PTSD (prazosin)
3. hypertension (except tasmulosin)

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6
Q

a1 selecive blockers - adverse effects

A
  1. 1st-dose orthostatic hypertension
  2. dizziness
  3. headache
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7
Q

a2 selecive blockers - drug and clinical use

A

drug: Mirtazapine

clinical use: depression

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8
Q

a2 selecive blockers - drug and adverse effects

A

drug: Mirtazapine

adverse effect: 1. sedation 2. increases Serum cholesterol 3. increases appetite

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9
Q

epinephrine vs epinephrine + a blockade according to HR

A

HR is more increased with the blocker:
only epinephrine: increased due to β1
epinephrine + a blockade: increased due to β1 + reflex

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10
Q

epinephrine vs epinephrine + a blockade according to BP

A

Systolic, MAP and diastolic pressures are lower with the blocker
that difference is due to Net pressor effect (without) and the depressor effect (with)

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11
Q

phenylephrine vs phenylephrine + a blockade according to BP

A

Lower with the blocker

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12
Q

phenylephrine vs phenylephrine + a blockade according to according to BP

A

Systolic, MAP and diastolic pressures are lower with the blocker

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13
Q

β-blockers

A
  1. acebutolol
  2. atenolol
  3. betaxolol
  4. carvedilol
  5. esmolol
  6. labetalol
  7. metoprolo;
  8. nadolol
  9. nebivolol
  10. pindolol
  11. propranolol
  12. timolol
  13. bisoprolol
  14. carteolol
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14
Q

β-blockers - clinical use

A
  1. angina pectoris
  2. MI
  3. SVT
  4. Hypertension
  5. HF
  6. glaucoma
  7. Variceal bleeding
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15
Q

β-blockers - angina pectoris

A

decreases HR, Contractility

–> decreases O2 consuption

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16
Q

β-blockers - MI

A

decreases mortality

17
Q

β-blockers - SVT

A

metoprolol, esmolol –> decreases AV conduction veolocity (class II)

18
Q

β-blockers - Hypertension

A

decreases cardiac output, decreases renin secretion (β1 receptor on JGA cells)

19
Q

β-blockers - HF

A

bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol –> decreases mortality

20
Q

β-blockers - glaucoma

A

timolol –> decreases secretion of aqueous humor

21
Q

β-blockers - variceal bleeding

A

nadolol, timolol –> decreases hepatic venous pressure gradient and portal hypertension

22
Q

β-blockers - side effects

A
  1. erectile dysfunction
  2. cardiovascular adverse effects
  3. CNS adverse effects
  4. dyslipidemia (meotprolol)
  5. asthma/COPD exacerbations
23
Q

β-blockers - cardiovascular adverse effects

A
  1. bradycardia
  2. AV block
  3. HF
24
Q

β-blockers - CNS adverse effects

A
  1. seizures
  2. sedation
  3. sleep alternations
25
Q

β - blockers with cocaine

A

use with cation in cocaine users due to risk of unopposed α-adrenergic receptor agonist activity

26
Q

β - blockers in DM

A

despite theoritical concer of masking hypoglycemia in diabetics, benefits likely outweigh risks –> not contraindicated

27
Q

β1 selective antagonists (β1>β2) - drugs

A

A-M (except the α β nonselective and carteolol) +NEBIVOLOL

  1. acebutalol (partial) 2. atenolol 3. betaxolol
  2. esmolol 5. metoprolol 6. NEBIVOLOL (β1 antagonist and β3 agonist)
28
Q

β - non-selective antagonists (β1=β2) - drugs

A

N-Z (and carteolol) - EXCEPT NEBIVOLOL
nadolol, pindolol (partial), propranolol, timolol
AND CARTEOLOL

29
Q

nonselective α and β antagonist

A

ending in -LOL (instated of -olol)
carvedilol
labetalol

30
Q

Nebivodol mechanism of action

A

cardiac selective β1-adrenergic antagonist with stimulation of β3 receptors, which activate NO synthae in the vasculature

31
Q

partial β2 agonists - selectivity

A

acebutalol (β1>β2)

pindolol (β1=β2)

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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