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Pharmacology > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervous system is a set of pathways to and from CNS that innervates and regulates

A
  1. SMC
  2. cardiac muscle
  3. Glands
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2
Q

ANS - Synapse between neurons are made in the

A

autonomic ganglia

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3
Q

ANS - sympathetic vs parasympathetic ganglia according to location

A

parasympathetic –> in or near the effector organ

sympathetic –> in the paravertebral chain

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4
Q

ANS - Pregaglionic neurons - location (generally)

A
  • cell bodies in the CNS

- synapse in autonomic ganglia

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5
Q

ANS - sympathetic vs parasympathetic preganglionic neurons according to origin

A

Symp –> spinal cord T1 - L3 (thoracocolumnar region)

Para –> nuclei of cranial nerves (3, 7, 9, 10) + spinal cord S2-S4 (craniosacral region)

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6
Q

cranial nerves with parasympathetic nervous system

A

3, 7, 9, 10

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7
Q

ANS - sympathetic vs parasympathetic preganglionic and postgnanglionic neurons according to size

A

parasympathetic –> long pre, short post

sympathetic –> short pre, long post

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8
Q

ANS - postganglionic neurons - location (generally)

A
  • cell bodies in the autonomic ganglia

- synapse on effector organs

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9
Q

Neurotransmitters of ANS (and receptors)

A
  • all preganglionic neurons secrete ACH (nicotinic)
  • parasympahtetic postganglionic secrete ACH (M)
  • sympathetic postganglionic secrete norepinephrine (α1, α2, β1), dopamine (D1), ACH (M, in sweat glands)
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10
Q

ANS - neurotransmitter and receptor type in ganglion

A

ACH / nicotinic (Nn)

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11
Q

ANS - adrenal medulla

A

sympathetic preganglionic neuron synapse there with ACH (Nicotinic), causing Norepinephrine and epinephrine releasing in blood

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12
Q

ANS - sympathetic postganglionic - ACH - target?

A

sweat glands (M receptor)

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13
Q

ANS - sympathetic postganglionic - Dopamine - target?

A
  1. renal vasculature

2. smooth muscle

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14
Q

ANS - sympathetic postganglionic - NE - target?

A

cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminal

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15
Q

target of Norepinephrine and epinephrine released by adrenal medulla

A

cardiac muscle

vessels

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16
Q

targets of parasympathetic nervous systme

A
  1. Cardiac muscle
  2. smooth muscle
  3. gland cells
  4. nerve terminals
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17
Q

organs that are part of sympathetic nervous system but are innervated by ACH

A
  1. adrenal medulla

2. sweat glands

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18
Q

Botulinum toxin - mechanism of action

A

protease that cleave SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor), a set of proteins required for neurotransmitter release via vesicular formation –> prevent release of stimulatory (ACH) signals at neuromuscular junctions (and ANS)

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19
Q

neuromascular juction receptor vs autonomic ganglion receptor

A

both Ach:
ganglion: Nn
NMJ: Nm

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20
Q

types of ACH receptors and their types

A
  1. Nicotinic: a. Nn b. Nm

2. Muscarinic: M1-5

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21
Q

types of ACH receptors and their pathway

A
  1. Nicotinic: ligant gated Na/K channel

2. Muscarinic: G-protein coupled receptors

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22
Q

types of ACH receptors and their location

A
  1. Nicotinic: a. Nn autonomic on ganglia and adrenal medulla b. Nm on NMJ
  2. Muscarinic in heart, smooth muscle, brian, exocrine glands, sweat glands
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23
Q

G protein - linked 2nd messengers - type of receptors (only the groups)

A
  1. sympathetic
  2. parasympathetic
  3. dopamine
  4. histamine
  5. vasopressin
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24
Q

Sympathetic receptors and G protein class

A 
α1 --> q
α2 --> i
β1 --> s
β2 --> s
β3 --> s
25
Q

α1 receptor - function

A
  1. increase vascular SMCs contraction
  2. increases pupillary dilator muscle contr (mydriasis)
  3. increases intestinal + bladder sphincter muscle contr
26
Q

α2 receptor - function

A
  1. decreases sympathetic outflow
  2. decreases insulin release
  3. decreases lipolysis
  4. increased platelet aggregation
  5. decrease aqueous humor production
27
Q

β1 receptor - function

A
  1. increases HR
  2. increases contractility
  3. increases renin release
  4. increases lipolysis
28
Q

β2 receptor - function

A
  1. vasodilation
  2. bronchodilation
  3. increases lypolysis
  4. increases insulin release
  5. decrease uterine tone (tocolysis)
  6. ciliary muscle relacation
  7. increases aqueous humor production
29
Q

β3 receptor - function

A
  1. increases lipolysis

2. increases thermogenesis in skeletal muscle

30
Q

Parasympathetic receptors and G protein class

A

M1 –> q
M2 –> i
M3 –> q

31
Q

M1 receptor - function

A
  1. CNS

2. enteric nervous system

32
Q

M2 receptor - function

A
  1. decreases HR

2. decreases contractility of atria

33
Q

M3 receptor - function

A
  1. increases increases exocrine gland secretions (eg. lacrimal, sweat, salivary, gastric acid)
  2. increases gut peristalsis
  3. increases bladder contraction
  4. bronchoconstriction
  5. increases pupillary sphincter muscle contr (miosis)
  6. ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation)
34
Q

dopamine receptors and G protein class

A

D1 –> s

D2 –> i

35
Q

D1 receptor - function

A

relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

36
Q

D2 receptor - function

A

Modulates transmitter release, eps in brain

37
Q

Histamine receptors and G protein class

A

H1 –> q

H2 –> s

38
Q

H1 receptor - function

A
  1. increase nasal and bronchial mucus production
  2. increase vascular permeability
  3. contraction of bronhioles
  4. pruritus
  5. pain
39
Q

H2 receptor - function

A

gastric acid secretion

40
Q

Vasopressin receptors and G protein class

A

V1 –> q

V2 –> s

41
Q

V1 receptor - function

A

increases vascular smooth muscle contraction

42
Q

V2 receptor - function

A

increases H2O permeability and reabsroption in collecting tubules of kidney

43
Q

Gq receptors - types

A

H1, α1, V1

M1, M3

44
Q

Gi receptors - types

A

M2, A2, D2

45
Q

Gs receptors

A

β1, β2, β3, D1, H2, V2

46
Q

Gq receptor - types and mechanism

A

H1, α1, V1, M1, M3 –> phospholipase C –> degrade PIP2 (from lipids) to DAG and IP3:
DAG –> protein kinase C
IP3 –> increase CA2+ –> SMCs contraction

47
Q

Gs receptor - types and mechanism

A

β1, β2, β3, D1, H2, V2 –> GS –> adenylyl cyclase –> increases cAMP (from ATP) –> protein kinase A –

a. increases CA2+ in heart
b. decreases myosin light-chain kinase (SMCs)

48
Q

Gi receptor - types and mechanism

A

M2, A2, D2 –> inhibit adelylyl cyclase (same pathway with Gs)

49
Q

G protein - linked 2nd messengers - type of receptors (group and type) and specific G protein

A 
α1 --> q
α2 --> i
β1 --> s
β2 --> s
β3 --> s
M1 --> q
M2 --> i
M3 --> q
D1 --> s
D2 --> i
H1 --> q
H2 --> s
V1 --> q
V2 --> s
50
Q

H1 receptor - function

A
  1. increase nasal and bronchial mucus production
  2. increase vascular permeability
  3. contraction of bronhioles
  4. pruritus
  5. pain
51
Q

cGMP hormones

A

BNP, ANP, NO (EDRF)

52
Q

IP3 hormones

A

Mnemonic GOAT HAG

GnRH Oxytocin ADH (v1), TRH, Histamine (H1), Angiotensin II, Gastrin

53
Q

intracellular receptors - hormones

A

Vit D, estrogen, testosterone, T3/T4, cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone

54
Q

Intrinsic tyrosine pathway kinase - hormones

A

insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EFG

55
Q

cAMP hormones

A

Mnemonic FLAT CHAMP

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, CRH, hCG, ADH (V2-receptor), MSH, PTH, calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon

56
Q

Intrinsic tyrosine kinase PATHWAY

A

MAP KINASE PATHWAY

57
Q

nonreceptor tyrosine kinase PATHWAY

A

JAK/STAT pathway

58
Q

Receptor associated tyrosine kinase hormones

A 
Prolactin
G-CSF
Erytropoietin
Thrombopoietin
GH
Immunomodulators (eg. cytokines IL-2 IL-6, INF)
(THINK acidophils and cytokines)

Pharmacology (9 decks)

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