Block V - Chemical, Biological and Radiological Warfare

Question 1

What is the definition of Chemical Warfare?

Answer 1

Employment of chemical agents that is intended for use in military operations to seriously injure, kill or incapacitate personnel due to their physiological effects.

Question 2

How many types of chemical agents are there?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Name the types of chemical agents.

Answer 3

Nerve, Blister, Blood, and Choking

Question 4

Define Nerve Agents.

Answer 4

Liquid casualty agents that disrupt nerve impulses to the body while damaging body functions rather than tissue.

Question 5

Give Examples of Nerve Agents.

Answer 5

Sarin (GB), Tabun (GA), Soman (GD), and VX.

Question 6

Define Blood Agents.

Answer 6

Gaseous casualty agents that attack the enzymes carrying oxygen in the blood stream which may result in rapid breathing or choking.

Question 7

Examples of Blood Agents are.

Answer 7

Hydrogen Cyanide (AC), Cyanogen Chloride (CK), and Arsine (SA).

Question 8

Define a Blister Agent.

Answer 8

Liquid or solid casualty agents that can cause inflammation, blisters and general destruction of tissues, which can result in temporary blindness or death.

Question 9

Examples of Blister Agents.

Answer 9

Distilled Mustard (HD), Lewiste (L), Phosgene Oxime (CX), and Leveinstein Mustard (HL).

Question 10

Define Choking Agent.

Answer 10

Gaseous or liquid casualty agent with initial symptoms that include tears, dry throat, nausea, vomiting and headache. The lungs may become filled with fluid, making the victim feel as if they are drowning causing breathing to become rapid and shallow.

Question 11

Examples of Choking Agents.

Answer 11

Phosgene (CG) and Diphosgene.

Question 12

What detects the presence of liquid chemical agents by turning red or a reddish color?

Answer 12

M9 Chemical Agent Detector Paper

Question 13

What is the Atropine/2-PAM-Chloride Auto Injector used for?

Answer 13

Used as a specific therapy for nerve agent casualties and issued for intramuscular injection, self0air or first aid.

Question 14

Definition of Biological Warfare.

Answer 14

The use of agents to cause disease, sickness or death to reduce the effectiveness of opposing combatant forces.

Question 15

Types of Pathogens that are used in Biological Agents.

Answer 15

Bacteria, Rickettsia, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, and Prions.

Question 16

Describe how toxins are used in Biological Warfare.

Answer 16

Categorizations of toxins is based on the organisms (The Source) that produces them and the physiological effects the toxins have on humans.

Question 17

Primary groups based on physiological effects from toxins.

Answer 17

Neurotoxins, Cytotoxins, Enterotoxins, and Dermatoxins.

Question 18

Major Groupings by source from toxins.

Answer 18

Mycotoxins, Bacterial Toxins, Algal Toxins, Animal Venoms and Plant Toxins.

Question 19

Primary way to limit the chemical and biological warfare impact on personnel?

Answer 19

Training and Awareness.

Question 20

What are the 5 items of individual protective equipment (IPE) items used against chemical/biological warfare.

Answer 20

1. Protective Mask MCU-2P w/ Components (C2 Canister Filter)
2. Advanced Chemical Protective Garment (ACPG)
3. Chemical Protective Gloves and Liners
4. Chemical Protective Overboots and Laces
5. Skin Decontamination Kit

Question 21

The employment of IPE is specified by what?

Answer 21

MOPP Levels

Question 22

Define Radiological Warfare.

Answer 22

The deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce widespread injury or death of all life.

Question 23

Different types of nuclear explosions.

Answer 23

1. High altitude Air Burst
2. Air Burst
3. Surface Burst
4. Shallow Underwater and Deep Underwater

Question 24

At what altitude does high altitude air burst occur at?

Answer 24

100,000 Ft and above

Question 25

Which type of nuclear explosion has the worst fallout and why?

Answer 25

Surface Burst. Fireball touches the surface of the earth which results in massive amounts of radioactive fallout.

Question 26

Which type of nuclear explosion causes the most water contamination?

Answer 26

Deep Underwater Burst

Question 27

What are ready shelter stations?

Answer 27

Stations located just inside the weather envelope of a ship, with access to deep shelter. It provides minimum shielding from nuclear radiation and allows the personnel to remain close to battle stations.

Question 28

What are deep shelter stations?

Answer 28

Stations located low in the ship and near the centerline. They provide maximum shielding from nuclear radiation but personnel are often too far away from battle stations.

Question 29

What does MOPP stand for?

Answer 29

Mission Orientated Protective Posture

Question 30

Describe MOPP.

Answer 30

Management tool used to coordinate the use of systems and equipment in a chemical or biological environment.

Question 31

How many levels of MOPP are there?

Answer 31

5

Question 32

What is MOPP Level 0?

Answer 32

IPE is issued, must be accessible within 5 minutes.

Question 33

What is MOPP Level 1 Afloat/Ashore?

Answer 33

Afloat: JSLIST, Mask, Gloves readily accessible.
Ashore: Don protective equipment, M9 tape.

Question 34

What is MOPP Level 2 Afloat/Ashore?

Answer 34

Afloat: Mask carried, Decon supplies staged.
Ashore: Additional to Level 1 is Don protective over-boots.

Question 35

What is MOPP Level 3 Afloat/Ashore?

Answer 35

Afloat: GQ, Install Filters, Don Over-boots.
Ashore: Fill canteens, activate decon stations.

Question 36

What is MOPP Level 4 Afloat/Ashore?

Answer 36

Afloat: Don Mask/Hood, Gloves, Circle William, Countermeasure wash down.
Ashore: Gloves with Liners, Untie bow in retention cord, loop between legs and secure to web belt.