Block II - First Aid

Question 1

What are the three objectives of First Aid?

Answer 1

Prevent further injury, infection, and the loss of life.

Question 2

What are the four methods of controlling bleeding?

Answer 2

Direct Pressure, Elevation, Pressure Points, and the use of Tourniquet as a last resort.

Question 3

What is a pressure point?

Answer 3

Point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone. You can reduce and stop blood flow to areas of the body by applying physical pressure to this point with the fingers or with the heel of the hand.

Question 4

How many pressure points are there on the body?

Answer 4

11 Principal pressure points on each side of the body. (22 total)

Question 5

Name the pressure points and their locations on the body.

Answer 5

Superficial Temporal Artery (Temple)
Common Carotid Artery (Neck)
Brachial Artery (Inner Upper Arm)
Radial/Ulnar Artery (Wrist)
Illiac Artery (Groin)
Anterior/Posterior Tibial Artery (Ankle)
Facial Artery (Jaw)
Subclavian Artery (Collar Bone)
Brachial Artery (Inner Elbow)
Femoral Artery (Upper Thigh)
Popliteal Artery (Knee)

Question 6

How many classifications of Burns are there? What are they?

Answer 6

Three. First, Second, and Third Degree.

Question 7

Classification of a First Degree Burn.

Answer 7

Produces redness and mild pain.

Question 8

Classification of a Second Degree Burn.

Answer 8

Causes red blistered skin and severe pain.

Question 9

Classification of a Third Degree Burn.

Answer 9

Destroys tissue, skin and bone in severe cases. However, severe pain may be absent due to nerve endings being destroyed.

Question 10

What are the two types of fractures?

Answer 10

Closed/Simple & Open/Compound

Question 11

Describe a closed/simple fracture.

Answer 11

Broken bone without a break in the skin.

Question 12

Describe a open/compound fracture.

Answer 12

Break in the skin with possible bone protrusion.

Question 13

Explain Electric Shock.

Answer 13

When a person comes into contact with an electric energy source shock occurs. The wide variety of injuries that can result from an electrical shock range from little or no evidence of injury to severe trauma with associated cardiac arrest.

Question 14

What are the indications of an obstructed airway?

Answer 14

Inability to talk, grasping and pointing to the throat, exaggerated breathing efforts, and the skin turning a bluish color.

Question 15

What are the two types of heat related injuries that can occur?

Answer 15

Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke.

Question 16

Describe Heat Exhaustion.

Answer 16

Serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart and lungs. The skin is cool, moist, and clammy and pupils are dilated. Body temperature may be normal or high. Victim is usually sweating profusely.

Question 17

Describe Heat Stroke.

Answer 17

Serious condition caused by breakdown of the sweating mechanism of the body. Victim is unable to eliminate excessive body heat build up. Symptoms may include hot and/or dry skin, uneven pupil dilation, and a weak rapid pulse.

Question 18

What are the three types of cold weather injuries?

Answer 18

Hypothermia, Superficial Frostbite, and Deep Frostbite.

Question 19

Describe Hypothermia.

Answer 19

General cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperature, cold moisture, snow or ice. Victim may appear pale and unconscious, and may even be taken for dead. Breathing is slow and shallow, pulse faint or even undetectable. The body tissues feel semi-ridged, and the arms and legs may feel stiff.

Question 20

Describe Superficial Frostbite.

Answer 20

When ice crystals are forming in the upper skin layers after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower

Question 21

Describe Deep Frostbite.

Answer 21

Develops when ice crystals are forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.

Question 22

What is shock?

Answer 22

Life-threatening medical condition whereby the body suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout the body as a result of severe injury or illness.

Question 23

Describe Septic Shock.

Answer 23

Results from bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins. Common causes of this are pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections (such as ruptured appendix) and meningitis.

Question 24

Describe Anaphylactic Shock.

Answer 24

A type of severe hypersensitivity or allergic reaction. Causes include allergy to insect stings, medicines or foods (nuts, berries, seafood) etc.

Question 25

Describe Cardiogenic Shock.

Answer 25

Occurs when the heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the body. This can be the end result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure.

Question 26

Describe Hypovolemic Shock.

Answer 26

Caused by severe blood and fluid loss, such as from traumatic bodily injury, which makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body.

Question 27

Describe Neurogenic Shock.

Answer 27

Caused by spinal cord injury, usually as a result of a traumatic accident or injury.