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Anato first semester 2023-24 > Block III: muscles/function, inervation and irrigaton > Flashcards

Block III: muscles/function, inervation and irrigaton Flashcards

1
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the tensor fascia latae

A

innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L5, s1)

function: flexes hip joint; acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint; adbuct and medially rotate thigh; keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase

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2
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the gluteus maximus

A

innervation: inferior gluteal nerve (l5, S1, S2)

function: Extension and lateral rotation of hip joint; It functions primarily between the flexed and the standing positions, as when rising from the sitting position, straightening from the bending position, walking uphill and upstairs, and running (helps maintain the knee joint extended

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3
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the gluteus medius and minimus

A

innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L5, s1)

function: They are fan-shaped muscles that lie deep to the gluteus maximus. They are abductors and medial rotators of the thigh respectively

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4
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the piriformis

A

innervation: branches of anterior rami of S1 and s2

function: laterally rotates the thigh, abducts flexed thigh and stabilizes hip joint

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5
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the obturador internus

A

innervation: nerve to obturator internus (l5, S1)

function: laterally rotates the thigh, abducts flexed thigh and stabilizes hip joint

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6
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the superior gemelli

A

innervation: nerve to obturator internus (l5, S1)

function: laterally rotates the thigh, abducts flexed thigh and stabilizes hip joint

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7
Q

Which are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flexors of the hip?

A

iliacus
psoas major
pectineus
iliopsoas
sartorius

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8
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the iliacus

A

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, l3)

function: act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this joint

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9
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the psoas major

A

innervation: anterior rami os lumbar nerves (L1, L2, l3)

function: act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this joint

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10
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the iliopsoas

A

(chief flexor of the hip joint )
innervation: femoral nerve and anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)

function: act conjointly in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing this joint

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11
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the pectineus

A

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3); may receive a branch from obturador nerve

function: adducts and flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh

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12
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the sartorius

A

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3)

function: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh at hip joint; flexes leg at knee joint (medially rotatating leg when knee is flexed)

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13
Q

Which are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh extensor of the knee?

A

quadriceps femoris
-rectus femoris (kicking muscle)
-vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
-vastus intermedius

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14
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the quadriceps femoris

A

innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

function: extend leg at knee joint; rectus femoris also steadies hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex thigh

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15
Q

what are some of the strcutures of the anterior compartment close to the knee?

A

articularis genu
quadricepts tendon

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16
Q

What is the function of the articularis genu?

A

Articular muscle of knee
* Derivates of the vastus intermedius muscle
* Action:
* Pulls the synovial membrane superiorly during extension of the knee,
thereby preventing folds of the membrane from being compressed
between the femur and the patella within the knee joint

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17
Q

what is the function of the quadriceps tendon?

A

Quadriceps tendon:
* Common tendon of the 3 vastus muscles and the rectus femoris
* The patella is enclosed within the patellar tendon.
* When the muscle pulls upward the bone provides mechanical leverage to ease the knee extension
* After patellectomy, the patient loses efficiency in knee extension and must strengthen the quadriceps

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18
Q

which muscles are in the middle compartment of the thigh and are adductors?

A

gracilis
addcutor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
obturador externus

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19
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the gracilis

A

innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, L3)

function:
Adduction of the thigh
flexion of the knee
Medial rotation of the leg

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20
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the adductor longus

A

innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

function: Adduction of thigh, hip flexion with internal/MEDIAL rotation

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21
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the adductor brevis

A

innervation: Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

function: Adduction of thigh, and to some extend flexes it

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22
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the adductor magnus

A

innervation:
-adductor part: Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
-Hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)

function: Main Adductor of hip and also an internal rotator of the hip. HAMSTRING PART EXTENDS THIGH AND ADDCUTOR PART FLEXES THIGH

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23
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the OBTURADOR EXTERNUS

A

innervation: Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

function: Laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum

24
Q

which muscles are in the posterior compartmenr of the thigh

A

(hAMSTRING):
* Semitendinosus
* Semimembranosus

OTHERS:
* Biceps femoris (long head)
-biceps femoris short head

25
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus

A

innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)

function: Extends the hip and flexes the knee. Antagonist of rectus femoris

26
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the biceps femoris

A

innervation:
long head- tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
short head- common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

function: Knee flexion; extends thigh

27
Q

Which are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  1. tibialis anterior
  2. extensor digitorium longus
  3. extensor hallucis longus
  4. fibularis tertius
28
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the tibialis anterior

A

innervation: Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

function: Dorsiflex the foot, Inverts the foot

29
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the extensor digitorum longus

A

innervation: Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

function: Extend the toes, Dorsiflex the foot, Everts the foot

30
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the extensor hallucis longus

A

innervation: Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

function: Extend the big toe, Dorsiflex and inverts the foot

31
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the fibularis tertius

A

innervation: Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

function: Dorsiflex and everts the foot

32
Q

Which are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis

33
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the fibularis tertius and fibularis brevis

A

innervation: Superficial fibular nerve.

function: Eversion of the foot; Weakly plantar flexion of the ankle

34
Q

Which are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

superficial:
gastronemius
soleus
plantaris

deep group:
popliteus
flexos hallucis longus
flexor digitorium longus
tibialis posterior

35
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the gastronemius

A

innervation: tibial nerve

function:
– Plantarflex the ankle when the knee is extended
– Raises heel during walking
– Flex the leg at the knee joint

36
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the soleus

A

innervation: tibial nerve

function:
Plantarflex the ankle

37
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the soleus

A

innervation: tibial nerve

function: Assists the gastronemius in plantarflex the ankle

38
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the pipliteus

A

innervation: tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

function: Unlocks the knee at the beginning of flexion of the fully extended knee.

39
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the Flexor hallucis longus

A

innervation: tibial nerve (S2, S3)

function:
– Flexes the great toe at all joints
– Delivers the final thrust via flexion of the great toe for the preswing of the gait cycle
(toe–off phase of walking)

40
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the Flexor digitorium longus

A

innervation: tibial nerve (S2, S3)

function:
– Flexes the lateral four digits
– Supports logitudinal arches of the foot

41
Q

Mention the innervation and main function of the tibialis posterior

A

innervation: tibial nerve

function:
– Plantarflex and invert the foot
– Antagonist of the tibialis anterior
– Supports medial longitudinal arch of the foot during weight bearing

42
Q

Which are the muscles of the dorsum of foot?

A

extensor digitorim brevis
extensor hallucis brevis

43
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the extensor digitorum brevis

A

innervation: deep peroneal nerve

function: extend the toes (2, 3, 4)

44
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the extensor hallucis brevis

A

innervation: deep peroneal nerve

function: extend the big toe

45
Q

Which are the muscles of the plantar side of foot?

A

first layer:
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorium brevis
abductor digiti minimi

second layer:
Quadratus plantae
lumbricals

thrid layer:
flexor hallucis brevis
adductor halucis
flexor digiti minimi

fourth layer:
plantar interossei
dorsal interossei

46
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the abductor hallucis

A

innervation: medial plantar nerve

function: abducts big toe

47
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the flexor digitorum brevis

A

innervation: medial plantar nerve

function: Flexes the middle phalange of the four toes

48
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the abductor digiti minimi

A

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

function: abducts little toe

49
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the quadratus plantae

A

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

function: aids in flexing the toes

50
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the lumbricals

A

innervation:
-1st innervated by medial plantar nerve
- 2nd, 3rd, 4th innervated by lateral plantar nerve

function:
-Flex metatarsophalangeal joints
-Extend the interphalangeal joints

51
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the flexor hallucis brevis

A

innervation:
medial plantar nerve

function:
flexes big toe

52
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the adductor hallucis

A

has 2 heads (oblique head, transverse head)

innervation:
deep branch of the lateral nerve

function:
adducts big toe

53
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the flexor digiti minimi

A

innervation:
superficial branch of the lateral plantar nerve

function:
flexes little toe

54
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the plantar interossei

A

(3)
innervation: lateral plantar nerve

function:
adducts toes
flex metatarsophalangeal joints

55
Q

Mention the innervation and function of the dorsal interossei

A

(4)
innervation: lateral plantar nerve

function:
Abducts the toes
Flex the metatarsophalangeal joints

Anato first semester 2023-24 (10 decks)

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