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Anato first semester 2023-24 > Anato blOCK II: Anatomy of wrist/hand > Flashcards

Anato blOCK II: Anatomy of wrist/hand Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the wrist?

A

synovial

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2
Q

What bones composes the wrist joint?

A

-the distal end of the radius
-the carpal bones
* Scaphoid
* Lunate
* Triquetrum (occasionally)

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3
Q

Which bones does not have direct contact with carpals?

A

ulna

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4
Q

which are the wrist joint ligaments?

A
  1. Palmar radiocarpal ligaments
  2. Dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
  3. Ulnar collateral ligament
  4. Radial collateral ligament
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5
Q

Function of palmar radiocarpal ligaments

A

– Pass from the radius to the two rows
of carpals
– They are arranged so that the hand
follows the radius during supination of
the forearm

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6
Q

Function of dorsal radiocarpal ligaments

A

Take the same direction so that the
hand follows the radius during
pronation of the forearm

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7
Q

Function of ulnar collateral ligament

A

– Strength the joint capsule medially
– Attached to the ulnar styloid process
and triquetrum

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8
Q

Function of radial collateral ligament

A

– Strengthened the joint capsule
laterally
– Attached to the radial styloid process
and scaphoid

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9
Q

Bones of the hand (number)

A

– 8 carpal bones line in two rows
* Proximal Line
* Distal Line
-5 metacarpal Bones
-14 Phalanges

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10
Q

Carpal bones

A

S. Scaphoid
L. Lunate
T. Triquetum
P. Pisiform
Tm Trapezium
Td Trapezoid
C. Capitate
H. hamate (Hook)

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11
Q

With what does the scaphoid articulate with?

A

Articulates directly with the distal end of the radius

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12
Q

With what does the lunate (semilunar) articulate with?

A

articulates directly with the radius.

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13
Q

With what does the triquetum (piramidal) articulate with?

A

Articulates with the distal part of the radio-ulnar joint

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14
Q

With what does the pisiform articulate with?

A

superficie palmar de el hueso triquetrum (piramidal)

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15
Q

What is the articulation of the proximal end of the metacarpal bones?

A

(base) articulates with the carpal bones

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16
Q

What is the articulation of the distal end of the metacarpal bones?

A

(head) have a convex shape to articulate
with the phalanges.

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17
Q

How many phalanges does each digit has?

A

3, except the thumb (has 2)

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18
Q

divisions of phalanges

A

-base (proximal part)
-body (middle)
-head (distal part)

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19
Q

Joints of fingers

A

Distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint

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20
Q

identify

A

Rheumatoid arthritis; autoimmune
disease, characterized that produced chronic inflammation at the joints drift

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21
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

Flexor retinaculum

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22
Q

Where is the flexor retinaculum found?

A

found distal to the radiocarpal joint and on palmar aspect of the hand

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23
Q

Where is the extensor retinaculum found and its fucntion?

A

Its found in the dorsal aspect of the hand;

Cross the wrist joint and the radio-ulnar joint

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24
Q

By what is the carpal tunnel formed?

A

– Anteriorly is form by the flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal
ligament).
– Posteriorly is form by the carpal bones.

25
Q

Where is the carpal tunnel canal found?

A

on the wrist

26
Q

Across the carpal tunnel the following structures are seen:

A

– The tendon of the flexor pollicis longus
– Tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
– Median nerve

27
Q

What does the flexor retinaculum does?

A

pilla el median nerve

28
Q

identify

A
29
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Lesion that significantly reduces the size of the carpal tunnel or, more commonly, increases the size of some of the nine structures or their coverings that pass through it (Inflammation of synovial sheaths).

30
Q

What does carpal tunnel syndrome cause?

A

Pressure to the median nerve is the cause of the following symptoms:

  • Paresthesia (tingling), hypoesthesia (diminished sensation), or anesthesia (absence of sensation) may occur in the lateral three and a half digits.
  • Sensation in the central palm remains unaffected
  • The median nerve also has terminal motor branches: the recurrent branch,
    which serves the three thenar muscles, and branches to lumbricals 1 and 2
31
Q

What are the functions of the palmar aponeurosis?

A

protect nerves, provide stability, support to structures in the palm. Are continuity of palmaris longus

32
Q

Which are the flexors of the wrist?

A

– Flexor carpi radialis
– Flexor carpi ulnaris
– Palmaris longus

33
Q

Which are the extensors of the wrist?

A

– Extensor carpi radialis longus
– Extensor carpi radialis brevis
– Extensor carpi ulnaris

34
Q

WHat is the thenar region?

A

thumb

35
Q

what is the hypothenar region?

A

pinky

36
Q

thenar muscles:

A

Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis
Flexor pollicis
Abductor pollicis

37
Q

hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti minimi
fLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI
opponens digiti

38
Q

Mention the innervation and action of opponens pollicis

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1);
To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially

39
Q

Mention the innervation and action of abductor pollicis brevis

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1); Abducts thumb, helps oppose it

40
Q

Mention the innervation and action of flexor pollicis superficial head

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1); flexes thumb

41
Q

Mention the innervation and action of flexor pollicis deep head

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, T1); Flexes thumb

42
Q

Mention the innervation and action of adductor pollicis oblique and transverse head

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, T1); Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

43
Q

How many lumbricals are there?

A

4

44
Q

whAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LUMBRICALS>

A

They flex the metacophalangeal joint and extend the interphalangeal joints.

45
Q

how many palmar interossei are there?

A

4 (PAD)

46
Q

Mention the innervation and action of LUMBRICALS 1st and 2nd

A

Median nerve (c8, T1); Flex metacarpophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints 2nd - 5th digits

47
Q

Mention the innervation and action of LUMBRICALS 3rd and 4th

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, T1); Flex metacarpophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints 2nd - 5th digits

48
Q

Mention the innervation and action of the dorsal interossei 1st-4th

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, T1); abduct 2nd-4th digits from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints

49
Q

Mention the innervation and action of the palmar interossei 1st-3rd

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (c8, T1); adduct 2nd,4th and 5th digits towards axial line; asisst lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints; extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits

50
Q

identify superficial palmar arch

A
51
Q

identify deep palmar arch

A
52
Q

What is the snuff box

A

Triangular space between the
tendons of
– Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
– Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
– Abductor pollicis longus (APL)

53
Q

What artery passes through the snuff box?

A

Radial artery crosses the floor of the anatomical snuff box

54
Q

identify

A
55
Q

identify

A

superficial veins

56
Q

learn

A

avanza

57
Q

identify

A
58
Q

identify

A

Anato first semester 2023-24 (10 decks)

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