Block A Flashcards
Where and how do drugs act
Define pharmacology
the mechanisms of action, uses and unwanted effects of drugs on living tissues
What is a agonist?
A drug that binds to a receptor, activating it
What is the term for a drug that diminishes the effect of an agonist
an antagonist
What’s efficacy
the ability of a drug to activate the receptor
What’s affinity
the binding of a drug to its receptor
Name the type of agonist that produces a maximum response
full agonist
Name the type of agonist that produces a submaximal response
partial agonist
Describe Pharmacological antagonism
when drugs counteract each other by acting on the same receptor type
Describe Physiological antagonism
when drugs counteract each other by producing opposing effects on different receptors
Describe Chemical antagonism
when one drug antagonises the action of another by chemically combining with it
define iatrogenicity
producing a disease from drugs or a physician
define teratogenicity
the capacity to produce abnormalities of a foetus
which one of in vivo and ex vivo studies on live subjects?
in vivo
what 4 areas do drugs target
-ion channels
-enzyme inhibitors
-transporters
-receptors
When drugs target receptors, when it enhances cellular activity its called an ____
agonist
How does Salbutamol work? (5 marks)
-activates a GPCR receptor called B 2 receptor
-this causes an increase in intracellular cAMP
-cAMP inhibits calcium release
-airway contraction is mediated by calcium
-so decrease in calcium leads to more free airways.
Is Salbutamol an agonist or antagonist
Agonist
How does H1 blocker work? (3 marks)
-Mepyramine attaches to the H1 receptors
-blocking histamine from activating the receptor
-prevents symptoms like itching and swelling
Is H1 blocker an agonist or antagonist, and why?
Antagonist, when it blocks the H1 receptor it inhibits cellular activity
How does Penicillin work? (2 marks)
-inhibits cell wall formation
-without a cell wall it is vulnerable to outside pressure and dies
Is Penicillin an agonist or antagonist, and why/
Antagonist, since it blocks cell formations it inhibits cellular activity
Describe the use of drugs that target receptors and ion channels, using examples. (6 marks)
-a drug that blocks a receptor is H1 blocker, also called mepyramine. this attaches to H1 receptor, blocking histamine from attaching and activating it. this prevent symptoms from allergies.
-a drug that activates a receptor is salbutamol. this activates a B2 receptor, which is a type of GPCR. this increases production of cAMP. cAMP inhibits calcium release. since calcium mediates airway restriction, a decrease will lead to more open airway
-lidocaine blocks the Na+ and Ca+ channels, it does this to prevent an action potential forming
