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Cyber Trans > Block 8 > Flashcards

Block 8 Flashcards

0
Q

The interface option has a single conductor with a ground return conductor

A

Unbalanced

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1
Q

What are the two basic interfacing concepts

A

Balanced and unbalanced

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2
Q

This interface option has the impedance of 2 signal conductors with respect to a reference

A

Balanced

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3
Q

Which interface option supports higher data rates and greater distances

A

Balanced

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4
Q

What is the unbalanced standard that supports asynchronous data flow

A

RS 232/ EIA-232D

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5
Q

Balanced interface used for both synchronous and asynchronous

A

RS-530

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6
Q

Oldest and Most commonly used standard for DTE/DCE

A

RS 232/EIA 232D

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7
Q

Sort of hybrid standard between balanced and unbalanced

A

V35

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8
Q

Most common standard for network

A

EIA/TIA 568B

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9
Q

Balanced standard that specifies physical/electrical properties of twisted pair cable/connected hardware

A

EIA/TIA 568 B

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10
Q

Expresses information by discretely changing the voltage on the transmission line

A

Digital signal formats

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11
Q

One polarity with respect to ground

A

Unipolar format

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12
Q

Two polarities, no set rule which polarity will be present at a digital 1 or 0

A

Bipolar format

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13
Q

Type of bipolar signal that sends all digital 0s at 0v and alternates the digital 1s from positive to negative polarity

A

Alternate mark inversion (AMI)

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14
Q

Analog signal that has digital information coded on it

A

Quasi-analog

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15
Q

Regular rhythmic reoccurrence of a clocking pulse at a predetermined rate and will determine how long a bit lasts.

A

Timing

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16
Q

3 common types of digital timing method

A

Asynchronous
Synchronous
Isochronous

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17
Q

Each character is turned into a string of bits… Used start and stop bits

A

Asynchronous timing

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18
Q

What was once the most common form of digital transmission

A

Asynchronous timing

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19
Q

Hardware flow control is sometimes referred to as

A

Request to send / clear to send

Rts/Cts

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20
Q

Software flow control is known as

A

Transmit on and transmit off

Xon-Xoff

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21
Q

When data is transmitted with reference to an external clock signal

A

Synchronous timing

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22
Q

3 types of synchronous protocols

A

SDLC
HDLC
Bisync

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23
Q

Data is transmitted in continuous streams, but w/o an external clock

A

Isochronous

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24
Q

Places header/trailer to frame to synchronize data flow through a system

A

Flow control

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25
Q

Speed at which information moves across the media

A

Signal rate

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26
Q

Time it takes to send a character, including start and stop bits

A

Character interval

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27
Q

Measurement of the signaling speed of a data transmission device and it equivalent to the maximum # of signaling elements(symbols) sent per second. (Modulation rate)

A

Baud rate

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28
Q

Measure of throughout or rare of data transfer and represents the # of bits that are transmitted within a second.

A

Bit rate

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29
Q

Nothing more than counting the # of bits received in a specific time interval(second)

A

Bit count integrity

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30
Q

Allow users of our nations most important telecommunications services of the national security and emergency preparedness system to receive treatment on a priority basis

A

Purposes of tsp

Telecommunications service priorities

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31
Q

What are the two parts of the TSP code

A

TSP Control identifier/TSP Code

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32
Q

Tsp code breakdown

A

1-9 identifier

10 position is hyphen

11/12 position is tsp code

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33
Q

What is used to assign the priority for provisioning and restoration purposes

A

TSP code

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34
Q

Communication terms

A

Circuit
Channel
Trunk
Link

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35
Q

Complete path between two end terminals over which one or two way comm may be provided

A

Circuit

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36
Q

Local users information accesses a multiplexer

A

Channel

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37
Q

Multiplexer combines several channels into a serial data stream called a trunk

A

Trunk

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38
Q

Path that your facility connects to/from the outside world

A

Link

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39
Q

Who can only negotiate and write contracts for telecommunications services

A

DITCO

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40
Q

Submitted within 72 hours when all service meets all details of the TSO

A

In effect

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41
Q

Must notify within 72 hours and submitted for several reasons

A

Delayed service report

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42
Q

Follow up reports every 30 days are sent…. Services have not met technical parameters require but customer can pass info on it

A

Exception report

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43
Q

___________ performs function of combining several data or voice communications channels into one composite signal, which can be transmitted between two locations cheaper than the cost of individual lines

A

Multiplexer

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44
Q

Communication discipline used between two multiplexers

A

Link protocol

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45
Q

What is the primary reason to multiplex ?

A

Cost

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46
Q

What are the other 2 reasons besides cost to multiplex ?

A

Inherent error correction

Inherent security

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47
Q

Achieved by individual data streams are formatted into a single comm line on one end and broke up into individual components on the other end

A

Inherent security

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48
Q

Takes individual data and transmitting it as data frames, there is an error detection/retransmission scheme built in

A

Inherent error detection

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49
Q

Combining many signals into one (TX)

A

Multiplexing

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50
Q

Splitting one signal into many signals (RX)

A

De multiplex

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51
Q

Dividing the circuit horizontally… Circuit divided into series of separate channels , each transmitting on different frequency

A

FDM (Frequency decision multiplexing)

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52
Q

Amount of time per slot is variable

A

Asynchronous TDM

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53
Q

Each signal is given a unique but equal time slot

A

Synchronous TDM

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54
Q

Initially accomplished by sampling the signal 8000 times each second and using 8 bits to digitally represent the amplitude of the voltage at any point on the analog sine wave

A

Digitizing

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55
Q

Most widely used system for transmission of TDM digital signals

A

T-carrier system

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56
Q

Building block for all multiplexed digital data networks

A

T-1 used in most major trunk circuits

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57
Q

Organizing bits in an orderly manner

A

Framing

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58
Q

Two types of T-1 framing

A

D4 super frame

Extended super frame

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59
Q

Extends the d4 superframe from 12 to 24 frames….. Provides enhanced signaling and error testing over D4 framing

A

Extended superframe

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60
Q

Encoding bits for transportation across T-1 network

A

Line coding

61
Q

Alternate between positive and negative pulses for successive 1s

A

AMI

62
Q

Two successive positive/negative pulses appear on the line /detects errors

A

Bipolar violation

63
Q

Uses bpvs to indicate that the users data contains a long string of zeros

A

Bipolar 8 zero Substitution (B8ZS)

64
Q

Clock signal required to send data and maintain synchronization

A

Synchronous

65
Q

Transmits data in between a start/stop bit in order to maintain synchronization

A

Asynchronous transmission

66
Q

A version of FDM used in fiber-optic cables

A

Wave division multiplexing

67
Q

A clock signal required to send data and maintain synchronization

A

Synchronous transmission

68
Q

Transmits data in between a start/stop bit in order to maintain synchronization

A

Asynchronous transmission

69
Q

A version of FDM used in fiber-optic cables

A

Wave division multiplexing

70
Q

Responsible for jointing the signals at the transmitting end

A

Multiplexer (Mux)

71
Q

Responsible for splitting the signals at the receiving end

A

Demultiplexer

72
Q

In FDM this is the unused portion of circuit that separate the frequencies from each other

A

Guard bands

73
Q

What is the aggregate serial data stream found in-between multiplexers

A

Trunk

74
Q

The 5th digit on a temporary ccsd is always a

A

P

75
Q

Most widely used system for transmission of time division multiplexed digital signals

A

T carrier system

76
Q

What is the basic/most common organization scheme

A

Ds1 frame

77
Q

How many DS0s does T-1 equal

A

24

78
Q

What is the transmission rate for T-1

A

1.544 Mbps

79
Q

What is refereed to when digital signals produce 64kbits.. Thus became the standard speed of an individual digital circuit

A

Ds0 or digital signal level zero

80
Q

What are the two types of general timing sources

A

Internal and external

81
Q

Internal timing sources use?

A

Crystal oscillators

82
Q

Crystals absorb and release energy that is used to develop a_______

A

Timing signal/clock signal

83
Q

What does most communications equipment contain?

A

Internal clock/crystal oscillator

84
Q

________ are extremely precise timekeeping devices that use the natural vibration frequencies of an atomic or molecular system to keep a crystal oscillator locked to a precise frequency.

A

Atomic clock

85
Q

The two most widely used atomic clocks in the military are?

A

Cesium beam

Rubidium

86
Q

What is the most precise atomic clock?

A

Cesium beam

87
Q

A highly accurate space based timing system

A

GPS

88
Q

How many operational satellites does the gps consist of and where are they updates from

A

31 & Schroeder AFB, CO

89
Q

What is the current time standard for the US

A

Cesium beam atomic frequency standard

90
Q

What are divided into stratum levels

A

Network clocks

91
Q

What are the stratum levels in order

A
  1. GPS, Cesium Beam (most accurate)
  2. rubidium oscillator (crypto module)
  3. Promina internal oscillator
  4. Clock system (least accurate)
92
Q

What develops it’s timing signal from transitions in a receive data stream

A

Recovered timing

93
Q

How many local user circuits does an FCC-100 support ?

A

16

94
Q

What are the modules of an FCC-100

A 
Front Panel interface module 
Processor module 
Mux/dmux module 
Aggregate module 
Port carrier module
95
Q

What provides the interfaces between the multiplexer and the transmission media going towards the distant end

A

Aggregate module

96
Q

Provides the user transmission media interface and cable termination for two local user channels

A

Port carrier module

97
Q

Communicatin link between the processor module and either the operators panel or an external control terminal

A

Front panel interface module

98
Q

Communicates with all other modules, stores configuration data in nonvolatile memory and uses this data to initialize he system and compute the frame synchronization table

A

Processor module

99
Q

This module does multiplexing and dr multiplexing of data between the aggregate and ports

A

Mux/demux module

100
Q

Where do you connect the users cable and POWER

A

Backplane interface

101
Q

How many connectors does the backplane have

A

19

102
Q

A way to redirect data being sent or received

A

Loop backs

103
Q

4 types of loop backs

A

Internal - own data to itself
External - data is from distant end
Local -local FCC 100
Remote -distant fcc100

104
Q

It’s goal was to be a single network for all traffic such as voice, video, and data

A

ATM

105
Q

Method of comm that is used for both LAN and wan technology

A

ATM

106
Q

What is the fixed length for an ATM cell ?

A

53 bytes

107
Q

What does being fixed in length allow the information to be transported in

A

A predictable manner

108
Q

What are the two main parts of the cell

A

Headed and payload

109
Q

What are the two headed formats

A

Uni

Nni

110
Q

How may bytes is the headed of an ATM cell

A

5

111
Q

How many bytes is the payload of an ATM cell

A

48

112
Q

What does the header carry ?

A

Addressing scheme

113
Q

What does the payload carry

A

The actual info, voice, data or video

114
Q

How many layers does the ATM reference model have

A

3

115
Q

What are the layers of the ATM reference module

A

ATM adaptation layer-layer 2
ATM layer-layer 2
Physical layer- layer 1

116
Q

What defines the electrical characteristics and network interfaces

A

Physical layer

117
Q

What takes the data to be sent and attached the header info to the payload, this assuring the cell is sent on the right connection

A

ATM Layer

118
Q

This layer assures the appropriate service characteristics and divides all types of data to be inserted into the payload that will make up the ATM cell

A

ATM adaptation layer (AAL)

119
Q

What is responsible for cell transit through an ATM newt work

A

ATM switch

120
Q

What does all the packet switching between the backbones and are typically connected via T3, ATM or SONET

A

ATM router

121
Q

What are two ATM physical connections

A

Point to point

Point to multi point

122
Q

What are the two types of ATM Virtual connections

A

Virtual channel identifier (vci)

Virtual path identifier (vpi)

123
Q

What are two types of ATM services

A

PVC permanent virtual circuits

Svc switched virtual circuits

124
Q

Allows direct connectivity between sites

A

PVC

125
Q

______ is created dynamically and remains in use only as long as data is being transferred

A

SVC

126
Q

A protocol defined by the ATM forum that gives stations attached via ATM the same capabilities they normally obtain from legacy LANs

A

LANE

127
Q

What protocol basic function is to resolve MAC addresses to ATM addresses

A

LANE

128
Q

ATM advantages

A 
One network for all traffic 
Enables new applications
Compatibility 
Incremental migration
Simplified network management 
Long architectural lifetime
129
Q

ATM disadvantages

A

Overhead of cell header
Complex mechanism for achieving QOS
Cost
Congestion may cause cell loss

130
Q

How many physical slots does a promina 200 have?

A

8

131
Q

Slot 1 is reserved for?

A

Redundant PLM

132
Q

What are the card types

A

Front cards
Backplane
Read cards

133
Q

What card contains the logic circuitry for their specific function

A

Front card

134
Q

Large circuit card, similar to the motherboard of a computer

A

Backplane

135
Q

Provide physical interfaces to devices external to the multiplexed

A

Rear cards

136
Q

What are a front and rear card together called ?

A

Module

137
Q

Other than the PLM , what do all other modules fall into? 2 categories

A

Port side or trunk side

138
Q

What side allows users to access the promina network ?

A

Port side

139
Q

What modules provide connectivity to other promina nodes?

A

Trunk side

140
Q

What is another type of card you may see that has no rear card or external ports?

A

Server card

141
Q

Rear interface card that provides operator access to configure, monitor and diagnose the promina network

A

PLMI

142
Q

2 di-group, clear channel interface that suppers the T-1 digital voice interface

A

PRC

143
Q

Allows connection up to 4 phones

Converts voice signals from analog to digital and digital to analog

A

PVA

144
Q

Multiplexes data from port side modules into a proprietary bundle of DS0s

A

TRK-3

145
Q

What is an allocation of bandwidth for sending data in separate directions

A

Bundle

146
Q

What requires CSU/DSU and supports symmetric full-duplex and simplex calls in asymmetric trunk mode

A

SA-TRK

147
Q

This module provide transmit and receive timing, non transparent signaling, Cts signal following eta with zero delay

A

HSD-2

148
Q

User capability to connect DTE/DCE devices to promina network
Max card speed must be greater than fastest port speed

A

USD

149
Q

Needed to concert the RS 530 output of our TRK-3 module to a T1 format

A

CSU/DSU

150
Q

How many logical shelfs are there

A

16

151
Q

How many slots does the promina 400 have

A

12

Cyber Trans (12 decks)

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