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Anatomy & Physiology Lecture > Block 7: The Endocrine & Digestive System Terms To Know > Flashcards

Block 7: The Endocrine & Digestive System Terms To Know Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous vs Endocrine Control

A

Similarities
- communication is a two way street: brain to body & body to brain
- act together to control and coordinate body activities
- usage of chemical messengers for intercellular communication

Differences
- endocrine system:
a. messages are hormones
b. slow transmission and longer lasting effects
- nervous system:
a. messages are neurotransmitters and action potentials
b. faster transmission and shorter lasting effects

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2
Q

Paracrine, Autocrine, and Endocrine Signaling

A
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3
Q

Negative Feedback Control

A
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4
Q

Positive Feedback Control

A
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5
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A
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6
Q

“Troph” Cells of the Anterior Pituitary Gland

A
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7
Q

Tropic Hormones

A
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8
Q

Trophic Hormones

A
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9
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A
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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A
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11
Q

Hypophyseal Portal System

A
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12
Q

Peptide Hormones

A
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13
Q

Catecholamines

A
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14
Q

Steroid Hormones

A
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15
Q

Water/Lipid Solubility of Hormones

A
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16
Q

General Mechanisms of Action for Hormones

A
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17
Q

Hormone Half-Life (Water-Soluble vs Lipid-Soluble)

A
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18
Q

Thyroid Gland

A
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19
Q

Thyroid Follicles

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20
Q

Follicular Cells

A
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21
Q

Thyroglobulin

A
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22
Q

Albumin

A
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23
Q

Calcitonin

A
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24
Q

Parathyroid Hormone

A
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25
Q

Parafollicular Cells

A
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26
Q

Calcium Homeostasis

A
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27
Q

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

A
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28
Q

Oxytocin

A
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29
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A
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30
Q

Dopamine/Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)

A
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31
Q

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH

A
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32
Q

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A
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33
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A
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34
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A
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35
Q

T3 and T4

A
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36
Q

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)

A
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37
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A
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38
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A
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39
Q

Hypothyroidism

A
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40
Q

Grave’s Disease

A
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41
Q

Hashimoto’s Disease

A
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42
Q

Goiter

A
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43
Q

Growth Hormone

A
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44
Q

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

A
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45
Q

Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone or Somatostatin (GHIH)

A
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46
Q

Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Somatomedin)

A
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47
Q

Hyposecretion of GH

A
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48
Q

Hypersecretion of GH

A
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49
Q

Psychogenic Dwarfism

A
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50
Q

Gigantism

A
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51
Q

Acromegaly

A
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52
Q

Body Response to Stress

A
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53
Q

Adrenal Gland (Cortex and Medulla)

A
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54
Q

Glucocorticoids

A
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55
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A
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56
Q

Sex Steroids

A
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57
Q

DHEA

A
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58
Q

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

A
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59
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A
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60
Q

Cortisol

A
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61
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A
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62
Q

Addison’s Disease

A
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63
Q

Endocrine Functions of Pancreas

A
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64
Q

Insulin

A
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65
Q

Glucagon

66
Q

Diabetes Mellitus (Type I and II)

67
Q

Lipogenesis

68
Q

Glycogenesis

69
Q

Gluconeogenesis

70
Q

Protein Synthesis

71
Q

Lipolysis

72
Q

Glycogenolysis

73
Q

Glycolysis

74
Q

Proteolysis

75
Q

Hormone Functions

A

Hormones regulate many aspects of the body
- ion and nutrient levels in extracellular fluid and blood
- metabolic pathways
- biological clock
- contraction of cardiac & smooth muscle
- glandular secretion
- immune functions
- growth and development
- reproduction
- hunger and thirst
- mood
- body temperature

76
Q

Lipids

77
Q

Proteins

78
Q

Carbohydrates

79
Q

Fatty Acids

80
Q

Glycerol

81
Q

Amino Acids

82
Q

Monosaccharides

83
Q

Disaccharides

84
Q

Starch

85
Q

Glycogen

86
Q

Motility

87
Q

Secretion

88
Q

Digestion

89
Q

Absorption

90
Q

Mucosa

91
Q

Submucosa

92
Q

Muscularis Externa

93
Q

Serosa

94
Q

Tissue Types in GI Tract

95
Q

Enteric Nervous System

96
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

97
Q

Heartburn

98
Q

Peristalsis

99
Q

Segmentation

100
Q

Mechanical vs Chemical Digestion

101
Q

Transporters for Absorption

102
Q

Factors Contributing to GI Control

103
Q

Gastrin

104
Q

Histamine

105
Q

Acetylcholine

106
Q

Cholecystokinin

107
Q

Secretin

108
Q

GIP and GLP-1

109
Q

Gherlin

110
Q

Portions of GI Tract from Mouth to Anus

111
Q

Digestive Processes in each part of GI Tract

112
Q

Mouth

113
Q

Nasopharynx

114
Q

Oropharynx

115
Q

Upper Esophageal Sphincter

116
Q

Esophagus

117
Q

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

118
Q

Regions and Functions of the Stomach

119
Q

Antral Pump

120
Q

Smooth Muscle Features and Functions

121
Q

Pyloric Sphincter

122
Q

Small Intestine and its Regions

123
Q

Large Intestine/Colon

124
Q

Ileocecal sphincter

125
Q

Rectum

126
Q

Anus

127
Q

Mastication

128
Q

Components, Functions, and Control of Saliva

129
Q

Mechanism of Swallowing

130
Q

GERD

131
Q

Gastric Pits

132
Q

Enteroendocrine Cells

133
Q

Acid Production by Stomach

134
Q

Pepsin vs Pepsinogen

135
Q

Lingual Lipase

136
Q

Gastric Lipase

137
Q

Mucus

138
Q

Parietal Cells

139
Q

Chief Cells

140
Q

Mucus Neck Cells

141
Q

Villi vs Microvilli

142
Q

Absorption of Substances from GI Tract

143
Q

Chylomicrons

144
Q

Lacteals

145
Q

Pancreas

146
Q

Pancreatic Amylase

147
Q

Bicarbonate

148
Q

Pancreatic Proteases

149
Q

Pancreatic Lipase

150
Q

Liver Cell Types and Functions

151
Q

Gallbladder

152
Q

Bile

153
Q

Emulsification

154
Q

Reflexes Associated with Motility and Defecation

155
Q

Colon Functions

156
Q

Rectum and Anus Functions

157
Q

Water Secretion and Absorption in the GI Tract

158
Q

Diarrhea/Watery Stool

159
Q

Rate and Control of Digestion

160
Q

Catabolism

161
Q

Anabolism

162
Q

Regulation and Control of Metabolism

Anatomy & Physiology Lecture (13 decks)

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