Block 7: The Endocrine & Digestive System Terms To Know Flashcards
Nervous vs Endocrine Control
Similarities
- communication is a two way street: brain to body & body to brain
- act together to control and coordinate body activities
- usage of chemical messengers for intercellular communication
Differences
- endocrine system:
a. messages are hormones
b. slow transmission and longer lasting effects
- nervous system:
a. messages are neurotransmitters and action potentials
b. faster transmission and shorter lasting effects
Paracrine, Autocrine, and Endocrine Signaling
Negative Feedback Control
Positive Feedback Control
Anterior Pituitary
“Troph” Cells of the Anterior Pituitary Gland
Tropic Hormones
Trophic Hormones
Posterior Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Hypophyseal Portal System
Peptide Hormones
Catecholamines
Steroid Hormones
Water/Lipid Solubility of Hormones
General Mechanisms of Action for Hormones
Hormone Half-Life (Water-Soluble vs Lipid-Soluble)
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Follicles
Follicular Cells
Thyroglobulin
Albumin
Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone
Parafollicular Cells
Calcium Homeostasis
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin
Prolactin (PRL)
Dopamine/Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
T3 and T4
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Grave’s Disease
Hashimoto’s Disease
Goiter
Growth Hormone
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone or Somatostatin (GHIH)
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Somatomedin)
Hyposecretion of GH
Hypersecretion of GH
Psychogenic Dwarfism
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Body Response to Stress
Adrenal Gland (Cortex and Medulla)
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Sex Steroids
DHEA
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Cortisol
Cushing’s Syndrome
Addison’s Disease
Endocrine Functions of Pancreas
Insulin