Block 2: Skeletal System - Lecture 2.1 Flashcards
What are the major structures of the Skeletal System?
- Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments, Epithelial Tissue, and Nervous Tissue
a. *mostly cartilage - Other Connective Tissues
a. Blood CT, Dense Regular CT, and Dense Irregular CT
What are the major functions of the Skeletal System?
- Support
a. rigidity - Protection
- Movement
a. muscles pull on bones - Storage of Fats and Minerals
a. fat: deep in bone as yellow or red marrow
b. mineral: calcium - Blood Cell Production
a. occurs all the time!
Each individual bone is an organ that contains what?
- Bone Connective Tissue
- Blood & Lymph Vessels
- Nerves
- Cartilage Connective Tissue
- Connective Tissue Coverings
a. provide sensory input
What is a major characteristic of the Skeletal System?
The Skeletal System is very dynamic, which means it can change easily!
What types of Connective Tissues are Ligaments composed of?
- Dense Regular CT
- Dense Irregular CT
- Tendons
What are some characteristics of Cartilage in bones?
- Characteristics
a. precursor to bone or “cartilage before bone”
b. protection
c. more flexible than bone itself - Functions
a. connects bones together (articulations)
b. provides range of motion for bones - Types of Cartilage Found in Bones
a. Hyaline
b. Elastic
c. Fibrocartilage
Where can Hyaline Cartilage be found in the Skeletal System?
- Ends of Bones
- Attaching Ribs to Sternum
- Thyroid Gland
- Nasal Cavity
a. between hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage
Where can Elastic Cartilage be found in the Skeletal System?
- External Ear
- Epiglottis
- Nasal Cavity
a. between hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage
What are the two anatomical classifications of the Skeletal System?
- Axial
- Appendicular
Where can Fibrocartilage be found in the Skeletal System?
- Meniscus
a. pad-like cartilage in the knee joint - Between Vertebrae
What are some characteristics of the Axial skeleton?
- Functions
a. creates the vertical axis of the body
b. houses vital organs for protection - 80 Bones
a. skull - 22 bones
b. hyoid - 1 bone
c. auditory ossicles - 6 bones, 3 for each ear
d. vertebral column - 26 bones
e. thoracic cage - 25 bones
What are some characteristics of the Appendicular skeleton?
- Functions
a. allows for mobility
b. attached to the axial skeleton - 126 Total Bones
a. pectoral girdle - 4 bones, 2 for each shoulder
b. arms/upper limbs - 60 bones, 30 for each arm
c. pelvic girdle - 2 bones, 1 for each hip
d. legs/lower limbs - 60 bones, 30 for each leg
How many bones are in the body?
- Full Grown Adult = 206 Bones
- Newborn Infant = 270 Bones
*Some individuals have more, some have less
What are the Bone Classification Shape types?
- Long Bones
a. structure: longer than they are wide
b. examples: humerus and femur - Short Bones
a. structure: almost cube shaped
b. examples: wrist and ankle bones - Flat Bones
a. structure: thinner than long and short bones and typically curved
b. examples: ribs, sternum, and cranial bones - Irregular Bones
a. structure: complex shape that doesn’t fit into the three categories above
b. examples: vertebrae - Sesamoid Bones
a. structure: shaped like a sesame seed and forms at high friction points
b. typically form where two bones articulate
c. examples: patella - protects patellar tendon - Sutural Bones
a. structure: bones that form between cranial bone sutures called Wormian Bones
b. examples: varies between individuals
What are the typical components of the Gross Anatomy of bone?
- Compact (Dense) Bone
a. outer layer of bone that contains osteons - Spongy (Trabecular) Bone
a. inner (medullary) cavity of bone
b. location: between compact bone and middle of long bones
