Block 3: Muscular System - Lecture 3.5 Flashcards
What are our bodies main energy sources, and where do we get them from?
Macronutrients from the foods we eat:
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- protein
What happens to the macronutrients during digestion?
Macronutrients get transformed into “usable” units
- carbohydrates –> glucose
- lipids –> fatty acids
- proteins –> amino acids
After digestion, where do the “usable” units of macronutrients end up?
Blood and Lymph Vessels through absorption to allow for transportation
From transportation of the “usable” units of macronutrients, where does glucose end up?
Liver –> glycogen
Muscle –> glycogen
From transportation of the “usable” units of macronutrients, where do amino acids end up?
Muscle –> protein
From transportation of the “usable” units of macronutrients, where do triglycerides end up?
Adipose Tissue –> triglycerides
Muscle –> triglycerides
Triglycerides are broken down from ________.
Lipids
What is the bodies immediate source of energy?
ATP through ATP hydrolysis
What are the three major uses of ATP in the body, and which are related to muscles for tension and relaxation?
1) Myosin ATPase –> tension
2) Calcium pump of SR –> relaxation
3) Sodium/Potassium ATPase –> electrical potentials
How is ATP used in Myosin ATPase?
myosin heads hydrolyze ATP for tension
How is ATP used in Calcium pumps of SR?
ATP lowers calcium concentration to promote relaxation
How is ATP used in Sodium/Potassium ATPase?
1) maintains appropriate levels of sodium & potassium in and out of the cell
- correct balance is essential to generate electrical signals
In one word, where does ATP come from?
metabolism
What are the two main types of metabolism?
Anaerobic –> no oxygen
Aerobic –> requires oxygen
What happens when one’s body goes into a starvation state?
rapid muscle break down using proteins for energy
What are the 4 ATP sources in the body and what is the maximal contraction duration of each?
1) Cell ‘pool’ of ATP –> 2 seconds
2) Phosphagen –> 10-15 seconds
3) Anaerobic –> a few minutes
4) Aerobic –> 40 minutes +
What is the Cell ‘pool’ of ATP?
ATP that is readily available for use, but in a very limited supply
What is Phosphagen?
Creatine Phosphate is synthesized in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas and transported via blood to muscle fibers
THIS IS A TYPE OF ANAEROBIC METABOLISM
What is Anaerobic?
Splitting of glycogen into glucose for glycolysis
a. ATP production in the cytoplasm
b. forms pyruvate which is used to convert to lactate when oxygen is limited
Blood Glucose
a. blood circulation of ATP and enters muscle fibers through glucose transporters (GLUTs)
What is Aerobic?
Tons of ATP production, but very slow
a. glycolysis –> pyruvate –> Kreb’s cycle –> products enter ETC –> mitochondria produces tons of ATP
b. requires oxygen
