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H&S Year 1 > Block 6 > Flashcards

Block 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the issues associated with classifying mental health problems?

A

Complexity
Aetiology
Thresholds

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2
Q

What is the PHQ-9?

A

Depression questionnaire

Monitors disease severity and response to treatment

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3
Q

What is the GAD-7?

A

Generalised anxiety questionnaire

Screening tool

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4
Q

What is the predominant mental health problem worldwide?

A

Depression

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5
Q

Are women or men more likely to be affected by common mental disorders?

A

Women

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6
Q

True or false - 1 in 6 people have a common mental disorder

A

True

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7
Q

Name the 4 stages of care pathways set out by NICE guidelines

A

Stage 1: recognition, assessment and initial management
Stage 2: psychological interventions (primary care)
Stage 3: higher intensity therapy and drug interventions (primary care)
Stage 4: secondary care involvement if patient is at risk or shown no improvement

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8
Q

How can mental health be measured at a population level?

A

Gathering existing data
Biological measurements
Diagnostic interviews (gold standard)
Screening assessment tools

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9
Q

Name of theories of health belief

A

Attribution theory - how the social perceived uses information to arrive at causal explanations.
Locus of control - the extent to which people can control their lives. Internal vs external factors. Behavioural and cognitive control.
Self-efficacy - self-belief. Can be changes via role models and practice/rehearsal.
Leventhal’s model of illness representation. Individuals interpretation of their illness.

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10
Q

Name the predictors of health belief

A

Health belief model - an individuals willingness to change their health behaviour is due to their health perceptions.
Theory of planned behaviour - links belief to behaviours. Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, together shape an individual’s behavioural intentions.
Stages of change model - move through different stages when changing our behaviour.

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11
Q

Describe the stages of change model

A
  1. Pre-contemplative
  2. Contemplative
  3. Determination
  4. Active change
  5. Maintenance
  6. Relapse
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12
Q

What are medically unexplained symptoms?

A

Physical symptoms that are not explained by organic disease. Linked to psychological factors and are not deliberately produced.

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13
Q

What is illness behaviour?

A

The way in which symptoms may be differently perceived, evaluated and acted upon

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14
Q

Give examples of abnormal illness behaviour

A

Illness denial

Illness affirmation

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15
Q

What are the reasons for medically unexplained symptoms?

A

Reduce sigma of mental illness
Assume the sick role
Decrease internal emotional conflict

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16
Q

What are the causes of medically unexplained symptoms?

A

Emotional currency
Abnormal attachment
Childhood factors (repeated neglect, attention when ill, in adulthood instead of accessing psychological support they manifest in physical symptoms)
Cognitive (over interpreting symptoms, symptom catastrophising)

17
Q

Define grief

A

The intense sorrow/emotional response to loss e.g. death

18
Q

Name types of grief reactions

A

Affective, cognitive, behavioural, physiological/somatic, immunological/endocrine

19
Q

The moment grief is expressed is called…

A

Mourning

20
Q

Name the 5 stages of grief

A 
Denial 
Anger
Bargaining 
Depression 
Acceptance

Can be other emotions in response to grief
Emotional avoidance is a coping strategy

21
Q

Give examples of complicated grief

A

Chronic grief

Inhibited/delayed grief

22
Q

True or false - grief cannot occur before death

A

False - grief can occur before death e.g. for the chronically ill

23
Q

Define stigma

A

Discrimination against a person due to any physical/behavioural attribute which is negatively valued, leading to a person being regarded as unacceptable or inferior. Stigma is a social process.

24
Q

Describe the process of stigmatisation

A

Labelling - label individuals due to differences
Stereotyping - labels are attributed characteristics
Othering - distinguishing normal/abnormal
Stigmatisation - devalued, marked/identified
Discrimination - stigmatisation is reinforced through legislation or other structural conditions

25
Q

Describe the response to stigmatisation

A

Passing - passing oneself off without acknowledging symptoms
Covering - avoiding situations, decreasing visibility
Withdrawal from social life
Resisting stigmatisation

26
Q

Are men or women more likely to suffer with psychosis?

A

Men

Women more likely to suffer with neurosis

27
Q

Are men or women more likely to commit suicide?

A

Men

28
Q

Name the social and environmental factors that increase the risk of mental ill health

A 
Childhood poverty 
Social inequality 
Early separation from patents
Childhood abuse 
Bullying 
Stress
29
Q

Name the 2 types of severe mental illness

A

Schizophrenia

Bipolar

30
Q

True or false - decreased life expectancy for individuals with schizophrenia

A

True

31
Q

Which physical health problems are individuals with severe mental illness twice as likely to experience?

A

Obesity
T2D
COPD

32
Q

Describe the causes of poor health in patients with severe mental health illness

A

Unemployment & poverty
Lack of support
Side effects of medication e.g. weight gain from antipsychotics
Stigma & isolation
Diagnostic overshadowing
Increase in behaviours that pose a risk to health e.g. SMOKING

33
Q

Describe the intervention of bespoke smoking cessation

A

Nicotine replacement therapy and behavioural/psychological support
Mental health practitioners training in smoking cessation
Increases individuals chance of quitting

H&S Year 1 (7 decks)

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