Block 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the issues associated with classifying mental health problems?

A

Complexity
Aetiology
Thresholds

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2
Q

What is the PHQ-9?

A

Depression questionnaire

Monitors disease severity and response to treatment

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3
Q

What is the GAD-7?

A

Generalised anxiety questionnaire

Screening tool

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4
Q

What is the predominant mental health problem worldwide?

A

Depression

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5
Q

Are women or men more likely to be affected by common mental disorders?

A

Women

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6
Q

True or false - 1 in 6 people have a common mental disorder

A

True

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7
Q

Name the 4 stages of care pathways set out by NICE guidelines

A

Stage 1: recognition, assessment and initial management
Stage 2: psychological interventions (primary care)
Stage 3: higher intensity therapy and drug interventions (primary care)
Stage 4: secondary care involvement if patient is at risk or shown no improvement

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8
Q

How can mental health be measured at a population level?

A

Gathering existing data
Biological measurements
Diagnostic interviews (gold standard)
Screening assessment tools

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9
Q

Name of theories of health belief

A

Attribution theory - how the social perceived uses information to arrive at causal explanations.
Locus of control - the extent to which people can control their lives. Internal vs external factors. Behavioural and cognitive control.
Self-efficacy - self-belief. Can be changes via role models and practice/rehearsal.
Leventhal’s model of illness representation. Individuals interpretation of their illness.

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10
Q

Name the predictors of health belief

A

Health belief model - an individuals willingness to change their health behaviour is due to their health perceptions.
Theory of planned behaviour - links belief to behaviours. Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, together shape an individual’s behavioural intentions.
Stages of change model - move through different stages when changing our behaviour.

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11
Q

Describe the stages of change model

A
  1. Pre-contemplative
  2. Contemplative
  3. Determination
  4. Active change
  5. Maintenance
  6. Relapse
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12
Q

What are medically unexplained symptoms?

A

Physical symptoms that are not explained by organic disease. Linked to psychological factors and are not deliberately produced.

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13
Q

What is illness behaviour?

A

The way in which symptoms may be differently perceived, evaluated and acted upon

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14
Q

Give examples of abnormal illness behaviour

A

Illness denial

Illness affirmation

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15
Q

What are the reasons for medically unexplained symptoms?

A

Reduce sigma of mental illness
Assume the sick role
Decrease internal emotional conflict

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16
Q

What are the causes of medically unexplained symptoms?

A

Emotional currency
Abnormal attachment
Childhood factors (repeated neglect, attention when ill, in adulthood instead of accessing psychological support they manifest in physical symptoms)
Cognitive (over interpreting symptoms, symptom catastrophising)

17
Q

Define grief

A

The intense sorrow/emotional response to loss e.g. death

18
Q

Name types of grief reactions

A

Affective, cognitive, behavioural, physiological/somatic, immunological/endocrine

19
Q

The moment grief is expressed is called…

20
Q

Name the 5 stages of grief

A
Denial 
Anger
Bargaining 
Depression 
Acceptance 

Can be other emotions in response to grief
Emotional avoidance is a coping strategy

21
Q

Give examples of complicated grief

A

Chronic grief

Inhibited/delayed grief

22
Q

True or false - grief cannot occur before death

A

False - grief can occur before death e.g. for the chronically ill

23
Q

Define stigma

A

Discrimination against a person due to any physical/behavioural attribute which is negatively valued, leading to a person being regarded as unacceptable or inferior. Stigma is a social process.

24
Q

Describe the process of stigmatisation

A

Labelling - label individuals due to differences
Stereotyping - labels are attributed characteristics
Othering - distinguishing normal/abnormal
Stigmatisation - devalued, marked/identified
Discrimination - stigmatisation is reinforced through legislation or other structural conditions

25
Describe the response to stigmatisation
Passing - passing oneself off without acknowledging symptoms Covering - avoiding situations, decreasing visibility Withdrawal from social life Resisting stigmatisation
26
Are men or women more likely to suffer with psychosis?
Men | Women more likely to suffer with neurosis
27
Are men or women more likely to commit suicide?
Men
28
Name the social and environmental factors that increase the risk of mental ill health
``` Childhood poverty Social inequality Early separation from patents Childhood abuse Bullying Stress ```
29
Name the 2 types of severe mental illness
Schizophrenia | Bipolar
30
True or false - decreased life expectancy for individuals with schizophrenia
True
31
Which physical health problems are individuals with severe mental illness twice as likely to experience?
Obesity T2D COPD
32
Describe the causes of poor health in patients with severe mental health illness
Unemployment & poverty Lack of support Side effects of medication e.g. weight gain from antipsychotics Stigma & isolation Diagnostic overshadowing Increase in behaviours that pose a risk to health e.g. SMOKING
33
Describe the intervention of bespoke smoking cessation
Nicotine replacement therapy and behavioural/psychological support Mental health practitioners training in smoking cessation Increases individuals chance of quitting