Block 5

Question 1

What are the activities of daily living (ADL)?

Answer 1

Everyday tasks and functional activities

Can be categorised into personal, locomotion, domestic/work, leisure

Question 2

Define impairment

Answer 2

Any temporary or permanent loss or abnormality of a body structure or function

Question 3

Define disability

Answer 3

Restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity within the normal range resulting from an impairment

Question 4

Define handicap

Answer 4

The disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or disability

Question 5

What is the role of a occupational therapist?

Answer 5

Functional assessment, goal setting and focuses on ADL

Question 6

What is the role of a physiotherapist?

Answer 6

Assessment of physical impairment, goal setting and management

Question 7

How can you measure ADL?

Answer 7

Barthel index

Question 8

What is the medical model of disability?

Answer 8

Emphasises on what is wrong/abnormal with the person. It individualises disability and doesn’t account for social barriers.

Question 9

What is the social model of disability?

Answer 9

Emphasises on the discrimination disabled people experience due to the way society is organised. It doesn’t recognise the complexity of different disabled people’s lives.

Question 10

What is an informal carer?

Answer 10

Someone, who, without payment provides help and support to a partner, child, relative, friend or neighbour, who couldn’t manage without their help

Question 11

What is a carer’s allowance?

Answer 11

Financial support for carers

Strict criteria

Question 12

What are phase 3 clinical trials?

Answer 12

RCTs with experimental treatments being compared against the control (standard treatment). Testing effectiveness.

Question 13

Give an issue with before/after studies (no control)?

Answer 13

Regression to the mean

Question 14

What is selection bias?

Answer 14

Systematic error in creating intervention groups. Differ in prognosis. Due to allocation.

Question 15

Systematic distortion of results due to knowledge of group assignment is known as…

Answer 15

Ascertainment bias

Question 16

What is performance bias?

Answer 16

Systematic differences in care

Question 17

Why is allocation concealment advantageous?

Answer 17

Prevents selection bias

Question 18

What type of RCT would you use for non-drug interventions?

Answer 18

Cluster RCTs

Question 19

Blinding blinds for…

Answer 19

Allocation intervention

Outcome assessment

Question 20

Define effect size

Answer 20

Compares the efficacy by quantifying the size of difference between treatments. Small effect size leads to a large sample size.

Question 21

What is intention to treat (ITT) analysis?

Answer 21

Includes every participant who is randomised, according to randomised treatment assignment. Ignoring non-compliance, protocol deviations and withdrawal.

Question 22

What is a per-protocol analysis?

Answer 22

Subset of ITT population who completed the study without any major protocol violations. Data analysed according to what the patient actually received rather than what they were supposed to have.