Block 2 Flashcards
What is prevalence?
How much of a disease/condition there is in a population at a particular point in time
Prevalence = (number of people with the disease)/(total population)
What is incidence?
The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease/condition over a particular time period
Incidence = (number of new cases)/(number of people disease free)
What is meant by the symptom iceberg?
Doctors only see and diagnose a small proportion of patients that need medical help. The majority of symptoms remain undiagnosed of misdiagnosed.
What are the triggers for help-seeking behaviours?
Interference with work or physical activity
Interference with social relations
Interpersonal crisis e.g. change in circumstances
Putting a time limit on symptoms
Sanctioning - family members suggest to seek help
What is the inverse care law?
The greater the clinical need for doctors, the fewer provisions available
Name the barriers to help-seeking
Provision and availability of services Social/cultural distance Inverse care law Geographical distance/accessibility/transport Time Childcare Time off work/loss of earnings Prior experiences Waiting times
Why do patients perceive their symptoms differently?
Differences in gender, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity
Equality vs. Equity
Equality is the equal distribution of resources between different population groups. Equity refers to the distribution of resources that match the healthcare needs of individual patients.
What are the 7 indicators of multiple deprivation?
Income Employment Housing Education Environment Crime Health
What are the social determinants of health?
Income Eduction Occupation Social class Gender Ethnicity
Factors influencing socioeconomic status?
Income
Education
Occupation
Name the 3 intermediaries between social factors and health outcomes
Material - finances, food, housing, car, clothing, work/home environment
Psychosocial - stress and emotional well-being
Behavioural - lifestyle choices
What was the main finding of The Black Report?
Health inequalities are due to social inequalities
Increase child benefit (free school meals, better education), improve housing, agreed minimum wages
Improving healthcare for vulnerable groups who are often excluded from services is called …
Inclusion health
To increase an individual’s control over and improve their health is called…
Health promotion
