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Drug Action II > Block 5: UTI Phys. > Flashcards

Block 5: UTI Phys. Flashcards

1
Q

What is a UTI and what are the types?

A

Infection of lower urinary tract of the bladder, upper urinary tract, or the kidney

  1. Cystitis
  2. Pyelonephritis
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2
Q

What is the most common uncomplicated UTI?

A

Cystitis

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3
Q

When would you see a complication in cystitis?

A
  1. Pregnant, immunocompromised, male
  2. Invasive procedures performed on the urethra
  3. UTI is likely to result in failure of therapy
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4
Q

What are the risk facotrs of cystitis?

A
  1. DM
  2. Familial predisposition
  3. Obstruction
  4. Neurogenic bladder
  5. Use of spermicides and diaphragms
  6. Advanced age
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5
Q

What is urethritis?

A

Infection and inflammation of the urethra

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6
Q

What are the causes of cystitis?

A

Ascension of bacteria through the urethra to the bladder by E coli obstructing urine flow and presence of residual urine

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7
Q

What are the sx of cystitis?

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Painful bladder syndrome (interstitial)
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8
Q

What is painful bladder sydrome?

A

Mimics sx of UTI in the absence of infection or pathology

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9
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

Infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma of the kidney usually from E coli

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10
Q

How is pyelonephritis classified?

A

Uncomplicated or complicated:
1. Anatomic or functional abnormalities
2. Pregnancy
3. Recurrence
4. Pathogen

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11
Q

What is the RF for pyelonephritis?

A
  1. Femal
  2. Abnormal genitourinary tract
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12
Q

What is the cause of pyelonephritis?

A

Pathogen ascends from the bladder through the ureter to the kidney resulting from bactermia (obstructive processes or instrumentation)

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13
Q

What are the causes of pyelonephritis?

A

Acute or chronic:
1. Chronic pyelonephritis
2. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR): Abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to the kidney
3. Lead to sepsis and septic shock

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14
Q

What are the sx of pyelonephritis?

A
  1. Costovertebral angle pain
  2. Chills
  3. Fever
  4. Lower UTI sx

Olders:
1. Confusion
2. Decreased appetite
3. Unsteady gait

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15
Q

WHat is is vaginitis?

A

Inflammation of the vagina that causes discharge, itching, and pain

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16
Q

What is the most common gynecologic condition in adult women?

A

Vaginitis

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17
Q

What are the causes of vaginitis?

A
  1. Change in normal balance of bacteria (normal 3.9-4.2)
  2. Reduced estrogen levels after menopause
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18
Q

What factors change to flora in the vagina?

A
  1. Age
  2. Sexual activity
  3. Hygiene
  4. Immune status
  5. Underling skin dx
  6. Medication
  7. STI
  8. Stress
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19
Q

What are the sx of vaginitis?

A

Bacterial is asymptomatic in 50% of women
1. Discharge is thin, malodorous, gray, yellow
2. Pruritis
3. Pain

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20
Q

What is urinary incontinence?

A

Involuntary leakage of urine

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21
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

Involuntary loss of urine with physical activity or sneezing/coughing.

22
Q

What is nocturnal incontinence?

A

Involuntary loss of urine during sleep.

23
Q

What is insensible incontinence?

A

Complaint of incontinence but person is unaware that it happened or how it occurred because it was not felt.

24
Q

What is urgency incontincen?

A

Involuntary loss of urine with feeling of urgency

25
Q

What is coital incontinence?

A

Involuntary loss of urine with coitus

25
Q

What is mixed incontinence?

A

Involuntary loss of urine with physical activity or sneezing/coughing, postural changes, and feelings of urgency.

26
Q

What is postural incontinence?

A

Involuntary loss of urine with position change

27
Q

What is continuous incontinence?

A

Complaint of continuous loss of urine

28
Q

How do you assess urinary incontinence?

A
  1. History and physical examination
  2. Urinalysis
  3. Pelvic exam
  4. 3-day voiding diary
29
Q

What is cervitis?

A

Inflammation of the cervix:
1. Caused by infection or other vaginal issues
2. Noninfectious cervicitis may result from trauma, radiation, or malignancy

30
Q

What is a natural host environement for inflammation?

A

Cervix

31
Q

What are the common sx of cervicitis?

A
  1. Vaginal discharge
  2. Vaginal bleeding
32
Q

What is PID?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease: Infection caaused by bacteria that orginates in the vagina or cervix and is carried to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

33
Q

What is the cause of PID?

A
  1. Multiple sex partners
  2. Early sexual activity
  3. Young age for first intercourse
  4. Use of an IUD for contraception
  5. Surgery
34
Q

What are the sx of PID?

A

Pain and tenderness in lower abdomen

35
Q

What is prostatisis?

A

Inflammation and enlargement of the prostate gland

36
Q

What are the types of prostatitis?

A
  1. Acute bacterial prostatitis
  2. Chronic bacterial prostatitis
  3. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  4. Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis
37
Q

What is the cause of acute bacterial prostitis?

A
  1. Usually caused by gram-negative bacterial
  2. Causes severe prostatitis symptoms, systemic infection, and acute bacterial UTI.

Least common but easy to diagnose

38
Q

What is chronic bacterial prostatis?

A
  1. Often occurs with recurrent UTIs from same strain
  2. Common infecting bacteria include E. coli, Enterobacter, and Klebisella.
  3. With or without sx
39
Q

What is the most common prostatitis?

A

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome

40
Q

What is the cause of Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome?

A
  1. UTI abnormalities
  2. Neurologic or psychiatric disorders
  3. Trauma
  4. Local irritation
41
Q

What is the cause of Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis?

A
  1. Prostate inflammation without GU symptoms
  2. Usually found during examination for other conditions when semen samples or prostate biopsy produce inflammatory cells or leukocytes with no associated discomfort
42
Q

Sx of Acute bacterial prostatitis?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Chills
  3. Arthralgia
  4. Low back pain
  5. Pelvic pain
  6. Abdominal pain
43
Q

Sx of Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome?

A
  1. Painful ejaculation
  2. Dysuria
  3. Blood-tinged urine or semen
  4. Pain
44
Q

What is Epididymitis?

A

Inflammation of epididymis (tube that collects and transports sperm)

45
Q

What is orchitis?

A

Inflammation of one or both testicles

46
Q

What is the causes of epididymitis?

A

Frequently an infectious process, but cultures often fail to show an identifiable infectious agent

Acute epididymo-orchitis: Severe epididymitis that extends to testicle

47
Q

What are the types of orchitis?

A
  1. Bacterial
  2. VIral
48
Q

What are the sx of acute epididymitis?

A

Pain and swelling over several days

49
Q

What are the sx of chronic epididymus?

A

Pain and swelling lasting more that 6 weeks:
Scrotal induration: Hardening of scrotum.

50
Q

What are the sx of orchitis?

A
  1. Swelling in one or both testicles
  2. Mild to severe pain
  3. Tenderness
  4. Fever
  5. Nausea
  6. Vomiting
  7. Infertility

Drug Action II (28 decks)

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