Block 5: Male Reproductive Phys. Flashcards
What is the testes?
Primary sex organ; produce gametes (sperm) and deliver then is a system of ducts (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra)
Wha is the scrotum?
Houses testes
What is the penis?
Copulatory organ designed to deliver sperm into female reproductive tract
What is the glans penis?
Enlarged tip of penis
What is the foreskin?
Cuff of skin surrounding glans penis
What is the bulbo-urethral glands?
Produce a thick, clear mucus that lubricates the glans penis when a man becomes sexually excited
What is the epididymus?
Stores sperm; site from where sperm are ejaculated
What is the ductus deferens?
Receives sperm from epididymis; joins with duct of seminal gland to form the short ejaculatory duct. Ligated with vasectomy
What is the ejaculatory duct?
Enters into the prostate where it empties into the urethra
What is the seminal gland?
Accessory glands; produce fluid that increases sperm motility or fertilizing ability
WHat is the prostate gland?
Accessory gland; produces prostatic secretion
What is semen?
Milky white, somewhat sticky mixture of sperm, testicular fluid, and accessory gland secretions
What is difference between erection and ejaculation? What controls it?
Erection: enlargement and stiffening of penis (PNS and NO)
Ejaculation: Propulsion of semen from the male duct system (SNS)
What should a normal prostate gland look like?
- Donut-shaped and surrounds the urethra.
- Size of a walnut.
- Located underneath bladder and in front of rectum
What is the main function of the prostate?
To produce seminal fluid (prostate specific antigen_ necessary for ejaculation
What is prostate specific antigen?
Protein that helps liquify semen and assists in sperm motility
What is BPH?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate normal with aging
What are androgens and what are the functions?
Stimulates the development of male sex characteristics:
Testosterone: androgen that signals prostate to produce dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
DHT: Mediates prostatic growth
What is the cause of BPH?
Involves changes in the body’s production of and sensitivity to androgens and estrogen
What sensitizes the prostate to the effects of DHT despite androgen levels decreasing with age?
Estrogen
What are the RF of BPH?
- Age
- Presence of testosterone
- Race
What are the sx of BPH?
Related to obstruction
What is the male gonad? Primary function?
Testes: to produce sperm and testosterone
What is testicular torsion?
Spermatic cord structures twist within the testicle, causing loss of blood supply to ipsilateral testis
Failure to treat can cause loss of fertility or testicle
What are the types of testicular torsion?
Intravaginal: When tunica vaginalis in the testes is attached too high allowing the spermatic cord to rotate. Common in adolescents
Extravaginal: Tunica vaginalis and spermatic cord twist as unit most common in newborns
What is the sx of testicular torsion?
Severe unilateral scrotal pain followed by swelling
What are the components of a normal penis?
- External male genital organ through which the urethra passes
- Used both for elimination and as the sexual organ
What is priapism?
Prolonged erection that continues for hours
What are the types of priapism?
Ischemic: Painful condition caused by blood not being able to leave penis
Nonischemic: Usually painless condition that occurs when penile blood flow is not regulated properly
What are the causes of Peronie Dx (PD)?
Caused by hard, fibrous plaque, causing penis to curve or bend and leading to painful erections
What are the sx of PD?
- Mild to severe
- Slow or quick
- Sometimes resolves on own
What is the most common male sexual disorder?
ED
What is ED?
Inability to attain or maintain erection sufficient to permit mutually satisfactory intercourse with partner
What is primary ed?
Lifelong trouble achieving erection
What is secondary ED?
Erectile difficulties begin after period of normal erectile function
What is situational ed?
Erectile difficulties occur only in specific circumstances
What are the stages of an erection?
- Functional autonomic and somatic nerves.
- Smooth and striated muscles in penile shaft and pelvic floor.
- Adequate arterial blood flow.
What are steps of an erectile reflex?
- Chambers in erectile tissue of penis become filled with blood via arterioles that dilate in response to nitrous oxide.
- Pelvic muscle contractions help increase penile rigidity.
- Veins of penis constrict to block blood outflow until orgasm or removal of sexual stimulus
What are the causes of ED?
A range of factors may disrupt any mechanism involved in the erectile process:
1. Vascular
2. Neurologic
3. Urologic
4. Endocrine
5. Respiratory Iatrogenic
6. Lifestyle
How does aging play a role in developing ED?
- Collagen in penis becomes less elastic -> decreases distensibility
- Interferance with vasooculative mechanism -> incomplete erection
- Skin’s ability to sense vibrotactile stimulation decreases
- Hypogonadism -> decreased testosterone
What are the types of ED?
Occasional and chronic/complete
Sx of ED?
- Congnitive sx
- Decreased libido
- Infertility
- ED
- Hypotonic muscle mass
- Fatigue
- Hot flashes
Clinical manifestations of penis disorders?
Priapism: prolonged erection or erection without sexual stimulation
Peuronie Dx: Painful bent or curved penis
ED: Inability to achieve or maintain an erection for at least 3 months; psychiatric diagnosis of ED requires symptoms for >6 months
