Block 4 INFLAMMATION Toka Flashcards
What is the purpose of lipoxins?
intiates termination of neutrophils, induces death by apoptosis
causes resolution of damaged tissue
What other cells induce apoptosis of neutrophils?
Resolvins and protectins made from omega 3s
When does the inflammation end?
When macrophages leave through lymphatics
What are the outcomes of inflammation?
- Resolution
- Fibrosis
- Abscess formation
- Chronic inflammation
What cell is found in abundance during chronic inflammation?
MACROPHAGES
Fibrosis
formation of a scar made of collagen
happens in extensive destruction
How can inflammation be summarized?
body senses foreign invaders
WBCs, cytokines, and other mediators team up to protect the body
What is inflammation?
defense rxn of LIVING tissue against damage
aims at removing the cause of injury + repairing the tissue
plays a role in adaptive and innate immunity
What is chronic inflammation?
When there are a dominating amount of macrophages at the site of injury
Ex: bovine TB
What are exogenous causes of inflammation?
- Physical agents
- Chemical agents
- Biological agents- bacteria, virus, parasites, fungi
What are endogenous causes of inflammation?
- Circulation disorders- thrombosis, infarction, hemmorhage
- Metabolic products- uric acid, urea
What are signs of acute inflammation?
- Calor (heat)
- Rubor (redness)
- Dolor (pain)
- Tumor (swelling)
- Functio laesa (loss of function )
What is extravasation?
passing of cells from blood into tissue
What are the mediators of inflammation?
- Pro inflamm cytokines
- Complement components
- Prostaglandins
- Leuktrienes
- Vasoactive amines (histamine + serotonin)
- PLT activating factor
- Plasma proteases
What pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in mediating inflammation?
- TNFa
- IL-1
- IL-6
- IL-8
Which pro inflammatory cytokines help to induce fever and stress hormone production?
TNFa and Interleukin 1 (IL-1)
How do TNFa and IL-1 work together?
They both
- induce fever
- produce stress hormones like norepinephrine and vasopression
- They activate the RAAS system
- They induce synthesis of IL-6, IL-8, and IFNy
What does IL-6 do?
A proinflammatory cytokine that
stimulates release of ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS like C-REACTIVE protein (CRP)
What is the role of C-reactive protein?
initiates the start of the classical pathway
made my iL-6
What do IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 do?
- Promotes chemotaxis
- Induces extravasation of granulocytes
- Degrades neutrophils
Which complement components increase vascular permeability?
C3a + C5a
- they also stimulate chemotaxis of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
