Block 4 INFLAMMATION Toka

Question 1

What is the purpose of lipoxins?

Answer 1

intiates termination of neutrophils, induces death by apoptosis

causes resolution of damaged tissue

Question 2

What other cells induce apoptosis of neutrophils?

Answer 2

Resolvins and protectins made from omega 3s

Question 3

When does the inflammation end?

Answer 3

When macrophages leave through lymphatics

Question 4

What are the outcomes of inflammation?

Answer 4

1. Resolution
2. Fibrosis
3. Abscess formation
4. Chronic inflammation

Question 5

What cell is found in abundance during chronic inflammation?

Answer 5

MACROPHAGES

Question 6

Fibrosis

Answer 6

formation of a scar made of collagen

happens in extensive destruction

Question 7

How can inflammation be summarized?

Answer 7

body senses foreign invaders

WBCs, cytokines, and other mediators team up to protect the body

Question 8

What is inflammation?

Answer 8

defense rxn of LIVING tissue against damage

aims at removing the cause of injury + repairing the tissue

plays a role in adaptive and innate immunity

Question 9

What is chronic inflammation?

Answer 9

When there are a dominating amount of macrophages at the site of injury

Ex: bovine TB

Question 10

What are exogenous causes of inflammation?

Answer 10

1. Physical agents
2. Chemical agents
3. Biological agents- bacteria, virus, parasites, fungi

Question 11

What are endogenous causes of inflammation?

Answer 11

1. Circulation disorders- thrombosis, infarction, hemmorhage
2. Metabolic products- uric acid, urea

Question 12

What are signs of acute inflammation?

Answer 12

1. Calor (heat)
2. Rubor (redness)
3. Dolor (pain)
4. Tumor (swelling)
5. Functio laesa (loss of function )

Question 13

What is extravasation?

Answer 13

passing of cells from blood into tissue

Question 14

What are the mediators of inflammation?

Answer 14

1. Pro inflamm cytokines
2. Complement components
3. Prostaglandins
4. Leuktrienes
5. Vasoactive amines (histamine + serotonin)
6. PLT activating factor
7. Plasma proteases

Question 15

What pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in mediating inflammation?

Answer 15

1. TNFa
2. IL-1
3. IL-6
4. IL-8

Question 16

Which pro inflammatory cytokines help to induce fever and stress hormone production?

Answer 16

TNFa and Interleukin 1 (IL-1)

Question 17

How do TNFa and IL-1 work together?

Answer 17

They both

1. induce fever
2. produce stress hormones like norepinephrine and vasopression
3. They activate the RAAS system
4. They induce synthesis of IL-6, IL-8, and IFNy

Question 18

What does IL-6 do?

Answer 18

A proinflammatory cytokine that

stimulates release of ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS like C-REACTIVE protein (CRP)

Question 19

What is the role of C-reactive protein?

Answer 19

initiates the start of the classical pathway

made my iL-6

Question 20

What do IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 do?

Answer 20

1. Promotes chemotaxis
2. Induces extravasation of granulocytes
3. Degrades neutrophils

Question 21

Which complement components increase vascular permeability?

Answer 21

C3a + C5a

• they also stimulate chemotaxis of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes