Block 4 Drugs Flashcards
Drugs used to treat disorders of bone and calcium homeostasis
Drug class/ group:
Drugs used in the management of hypercalcaemia
Generic drug name(s):
Fluids (normal saline), furosemide (loop diuretic), calcitonin, alendronic acid (bisphosphonates)
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Increased renal calcium excretion (saline, furosemide)
Inhibition of release of calcium from bone (calcitonin, bisphosphonates)
Drugs used to treat disorders of bone and calcium homeostasis
Drug class/ group:
Drugs used in the management of hypocalcaemia
Generic drug name(s):
IV calcium gluconate, vitamin D
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Restoration of calcium levels and retention
Drugs used to treat disorders of bone and calcium homeostasis
Drug class/ group:
Drugs used in the management of vitamin D deficiency
Generic drug name(s):
Vitamin D (colecalciferol often spelt cholecalciferol), calcitriol (1,25dihydroxyvitamin D; usually only used in cases of advanced chronic kidney disease)
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Restoration of vitamin D levels
Drugs used to treat disorders of bone and calcium homeostasis
Drug class/ group:
Drugs used in the management of osteoporosis
Generic drug name(s):
Alendronic acid (bisphosphonates), raloxifene, (selective oestrogen receptor modulator; SERM), parathyroid hormone, denosumab (monoclonal antibody), vitamin D
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Inhibition of release of calcium from bone, inhibition of osteoclast activity
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)
Drug class/ group:
Anti-proliferative agents
Generic drug name(s):
Methotrexate, azathioprine
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Reduces lymphocyte proliferation
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)
Drug class/ group:
Immunosuppressive agents
Generic drug name(s):
Sulphasalazine, penicillamine
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Immunosuppressive mechanism unclear
Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)
Drug class/ group:
Biologics (monoclonal antibodies)
Generic drug name(s):
Infliximab, rituximab
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Bind and block proinflammatory function of TNF-alpha (infliximab). Depletion of B cells (rituximab)
Antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs
Drug class/ group:
Beta lactams - Penicillins
Generic drug name(s):
Flucloxacillin, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin/co-amoxiclav
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Bactericidal – cell lysis by blocking cell wall synthesis
Antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs
Drug class/ group:
Beta lactams - Carbapenems
Generic drug name(s):
Meropenem
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Bactericidal – cell lysis by blocking cell wall synthesis
Antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs
Drug class/ group:
Cephalosporins
Generic drug name(s):
Ceftriaxone
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Bactericidal – cell lysis by blocking cell wall synthesis
Antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs
Drug class/ group:
Fluoroquinolones
Generic drug name(s):
Ciprofloxacin
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Bacteriostatic – inhibition of bacterial DNA coiling
Antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs
Drug class/ group:
Lincosamides
Generic drug name(s):
Clindamycin
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Bacteriostatic – inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
Antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs
Drug class/ group:
Macrolides
Generic drug name(s):
Erythromycin
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Bacteriostatic – inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
Antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs
Drug class/ group:
Nitroimidazoles
Generic drug name(s):
Metronidazole
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Bacteriostatic – inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis
Antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs
Drug class/ group:
Tetracyclines
Generic drug name(s):
Tetracycline, doxycycline
Principal Mechanism of Action for indication:
Bacteriostatic – inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
