Block 2 Drugs List Flashcards
Beta-2 adrenergic agonists
Drugs used to treat airway disease
Generic Drug Name(s):
salbutamol (short-acting), terbutaline (short-acting), salmeterol (long-acting), formoterol (long-acting)
Principal MoA:
Stimulation of airway smooth muscle relaxation via adrenergic activation
Anti-muscarinics
Drugs used to treat airway disease
Generic Drug Name(s):
ipratropium (short-acting), tiotropium (long-acting), glycopyrronium (long-acting)
Principal MoA:
Blockade of muscarinic receptors of cholinergic activity in airway smooth muscle leading to muscle relaxation
Methylxanthines
Drugs used to treat airway disease
Generic Drug Name(s):
theophylline, aminophylline
Principal MoA:
Inhibition of phosphodiesterase, increasing cellular cAMP
Glucocorticoids
Drugs used to treat airway disease
Generic Drug Name(s):
beclomethasone, prednisolone, fluticasone, hydrocortisone
Principal MoA:
Activation of glucocorticoid receptors in immune cells, reducing airway inflammation
Leukotriene receptor antagonists
Drugs used to treat airway disease
Generic Drug Name(s):
montelukast, zafirlukast
Principal MoA:
Blockade of proinflammatory leukotriene signalling
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
Drugs acting on the heart and circulation
Generic Drug Name(s):
ramipril
Principal MoA:
Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Reduces vasoconstriction
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Drugs acting on the heart and circulation
Generic Drug Name(s):
Losartan, valsartan
Principal MoA:
Blockade of cell signalling induced by angiotensin II
Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists (beta blockers)
Drugs acting on the heart and circulation
Generic Drug Name(s):
bisoprolol, atenolol (cardioselective, beta-1 antagonist)
propranolol (both beta-1 and beta-2 antagonist)
Principal MoA:
Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors on cardiomyocytes, reducing inotropy & chronotropy
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins)
Drugs acting on the heart and circulation
Generic Drug Name(s):
atorvastatin, simvastatin
Principal MoA:
Inhibition of mavelonate metabolism in cholesterol synthesis pathway
Calcium channel antagonists (for heart failure and hypertension)
(Drugs acting on the heart and circulation)
Generic Drug Name(s):
nifedipine, amlodipine
Principal MoA:
Blockade of L-type calcium channels, promoting vasodilation
Nitrate vasodilators
Drugs acting on the heart and circulation
Generic Drug Name(s):
glycerol trinitrate (GTN) and isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)
Principal MoA:
Release of nitric oxide – relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in coronary arteries and veins
Anti-muscarinic (for emergency bradycardia treatment)
Drugs acting on the heart and circulation
Generic Drug Name(s):
atropine
Principal MoA:
Blockade of cardiac muscarinic receptors
Sympathomimetics
Drugs acting on the heart and circulation
Generic Drug Name(s):
noradrenaline, dobutamine, adrenaline
Principal MoA:
Stimulation of cardiac inotropy and chronotropy
Neprilysin inhibitors (used with an ARB drug)
Drugs acting on the heart and circulation
Generic Drug Name(s):
sacubitril (used with valsartan)
Principal MoA:
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide breakdown, promoting natriuresis and reduced cardiac preload
Antiplatelet drugs
Drugs acting on the heart and circulation
Generic Drug Name(s):
aspirin (COX inhibitor), clopidogrel (ADP receptor antagonist)
Principal MoA:
Reduce the activation of platelets to prevent thrombosis:
Inhibition of thromboxane A2 production (aspirin)
Blockade of platelet ADP receptors (clopidogrel)
