Block 3 materials (Anticancers) Flashcards
Bleomycin
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Forms free radicals to cause DNA strand breaks in G2 & Mitosis
Clinical uses:
Testicular cancer
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Adverse effects:
1) Pulmonary fibrosis
2) Skin hyperpigmentation
MOA:
Forms free radicals to cause DNA strand breaks in G2 & Mitosis
Clinical uses:
Testicular cancer
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Adverse effects:
1) Pulmonary fibrosis
2) Skin hyperpigmentation
Bleomycin
What drugs are used to treat Hodgkin Lymphoma?
Adriamycin
Bleomycin
Vinblastine
Dacarbazine
Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Intercalates into DNA to prevent RNA synthesis (blocks RNA polymerase) in G2 & Mitosis
Clinical uses:
Childhood tumors
- Wilms
- Ewing sarcoma
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
Adverse effects:
Myelosuppression
MOA:
Intercalates into DNA to prevent RNA synthesis (blocks RNA polymerase) in G2 & Mitosis
Clinical uses:
Childhood tumors
- Wilms
- Ewing sarcoma
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
Adverse effects:
Myelosuppression
Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
Anthracyclines
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
Doxorubicin & Daunorubicin
MOA:
Makes free radicals that intercalate into DNA & cause strand breaks to reduce replication & inhibit topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
Clinical uses:
Solid tumors
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Adverse effects:
1) Dilated cardiomyopathy (avoid with dexrazoxane)
2) Alopecia
3) Myelosuppression
Doxorubicin & Daunorubicin
MOA:
Makes free radicals that intercalate into DNA & cause strand breaks to reduce replication & inhibit topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)
Clinical uses:
Solid tumors
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Adverse effects:
1) Dilated cardiomyopathy (avoid with dexrazoxane)
2) Alopecia
3) Myelosuppression
Anthracyclines
Thiopurines
MOA
Clinical uses
Adverse effects
Azathioprine & 6-Mercaptopurine
MOA: Antimetabolites
Purine (thiol) analogs that reduce de novo purine synthesis.
AZA is converted to 6-MP & then activated by HGPRT to form purine analogs that insert into DNA/RNA to halt synthesis
Clinical uses:
Prevent organ transplant rejection
Weaning off steroids
Rheumatoid arthritis
IBD
SLE
ALL
Steroid factory disease
Adverse effects:
1) 6-MP toxicity when given with Allopurinol or Febuxostat (antigout)
2) Pancreatitis
3) Myelosuppression
4) Liver & Gi toxicity
Azathioprine & 6-Mercaptopurine
MOA: Antimetabolites
Purine (thiol) analogs that reduce de novo purine synthesis.
AZA is converted to 6-MP & then activated by HGPRT to form purine analogs that insert into DNA/RNA to halt synthesis
Clinical uses:
Prevent organ transplant rejection
Weaning off steroids
Rheumatoid arthritis
IBD
SLE
ALL
Steroid factory disease
Adverse effects:
1) 6-MP toxicity when given with Allopurinol or Febuxostat (antigout)
2) Pancreatitis
3) Myelosuppression
4) Liver & Gi toxicity
Thiopurines
Cladribine & Pentostatin
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA: Antimetabolites
Purine analogs that cause premature DNA breaks
Clinical uses Antimetabolites:
Hairy cell leukemia
Adverse effects:
1) Nephrotoxicity
2) Neurotoxicity
3) Myelosuppression
MOA: Antimetabolites
Purine analogs that cause premature DNA breaks
Clinical uses:
Hairy cell leukemia
Adverse effects:
1) Nephrotoxicity
2) Neurotoxicity
3) Myelosuppression
“Purine analogs break hairy Cell leukemia”
Cladribine & Pentostatin
Cytarabine (arabinofuranosylcytosine)
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA: Antimetabolites
Pyrimidine analog that causes DNA chain termination & DNA polymerase inhibition during S phase
Clinical uses:
Leukemias (ALL & AML)
Lymphomas
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Megaloblastic anemia
MOA: Antimetabolites
Pyrimidine analog that causes DNA chain termination & DNA polymerase inhibition during S phase
Clinical uses:
Leukemias (ALL & AML)
Lymphomas
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Megaloblastic anemia
Cytarabine (arabinofuranosylcytosine)
5-Fluorouracil
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA: Antimetabolites
Pyrimidine analog that is bioactivated by 5-FdUMP to inhibit thymidylate synthase to reduce DNA synthesis
Clinical uses:
Colon & Pancreatic cancers
Actinic keratosis
Basal cell carcinoma
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Palmar-Plantar erythrodysesthesia (hand/foots syndrome)
MOA: Antimetabolites
Pyrimidine analog that is bioactivated by 5-FdUMP to inhibit thymidylate synthase to reduce DNA synthesis
Clinical uses:
Colon & Pancreatic cancers
Actinic keratosis
Basal cell carcinoma
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Palmar-Plantar erythrodysesthesia (hand/foots syndrome)
5-Fluorouracil
Hydroxyurea
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA: Antimetabolites
Inhibits RNR (ribonucleotide reductase) to reduce DNA synthesis in S phase
Clinicals:
1) Myeloproliferative disorders (CML, & Polycythemia vera)
2) Megaloblastic anemia
Adverse effects:
1) Severe myelosuppression
2) Megaloblastic anemia
MOA: Antimetabolites
Inhibits RNR (ribonucleotide reductase) to reduce DNA synthesis in S phase
Clinicals:
1) Myeloproliferative disorders (CML, & Polycythemia vera)
2) Megaloblastic anemia
Adverse effects:
1) Severe myelosuppression
2) Megaloblastic anemia
Hydroxyurea
Methotrexate
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA: Antimetabolites
Folic acid analog that competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to reduce DNA synthesis
Clinicals:
- Cancers
(leukemias (ALL), lymphomas, choriocarcinoma, & sarcomas)
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Medical abortion (with misoprostol)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Psoriasis
- IBD
- Vasculitis
Adverse:
1) Myelosuppression (give leucovorin)
2) Hepatotoxicity
3) Mucositis (Mouth ulcers)
4) Pulmonary fibrosis
5) Folate deficiency
6) Nephrotoxicity
MOA: Antimetabolites
Folic acid analog that competitively inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to reduce DNA synthesis
Clinicals:
- Cancers
(leukemias (ALL), lymphomas, choriocarcinoma, & sarcomas)
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Medical abortion (with misoprostol)
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Psoriasis
- IBD
- Vasculitis
Adverse:
1) Myelosuppression (give leucovorin)
2) Hepatotoxicity
3) Mucositis (Mouth ulcers)
4) Pulmonary fibrosis
5) Folate deficiency
6) Nephrotoxicity
Methotrexate
Busulfan
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA: Alkylating agent
Cross-links DNA via guanosine (N7) that affects a cell’s ability to multiply
Clinicals:
Ablate bone marrow (transplant)
Adverse effects:
1) Severe myelosuppression
2) Pulmonary fibrosis
3) Hyperpigmentation
MOA: Alkylating agent
Cross-links DNA via guanosine (N7) that affects a cell’s ability to multiply
Clinicals:
Ablate bone marrow (transplant)
Adverse effects:
1) Severe myelosuppression
2) Pulmonary fibrosis
3) Hyperpigmentation
Busulfan
Nitrogen Mustards
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA: Alkylating agents
Cross-links DNA via guanosine (N7) that is bioactivated by the liver & interferes with replication & transcription
Clinical uses:
1) Solid tumors (breast & ovary)
2) Leukemia
3) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
4) Rheumatic disease (SLE & Wegners)
Adverse effects:
1) Hemorrhagic cystitis (avoid with MESNA)
2) Myelosuppression
3) Fanconi syndrome (Ifosfamide)
Cyclophosphamide,
ifosfamide
MOA: Alkylating agents
Cross-links DNA via guanosine (N7) that is bioactivated by the liver & interferes with replication & transcription
Clinical uses:
1) Solid tumors (breast & ovary)
2) Leukemia
3) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
4) Rheumatic disease (SLE & Wegners)
Adverse effects:
1) Hemorrhagic cystitis (avoid with MESNA)
2) Myelosuppression
3) Fanconi syndrome (Ifosfamide)
Nitrogen Mustards
Nitrogen Mustards
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
Cyclophosphamide & Ifosfamide
MOA:
Cross-links DNA via guanosine (N7) that is bioactivated by the liver & interferes with replication & transcription
Clinicals:
Solid tumors (breast & ovary)
Leukemia
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Rheumatic disease (SLE & Wegners)
Adverse effects:
1) Hemorrhagic cystitis (avoid with MESNA)
2) Myelosuppression
3) Fanconi syndrome (Ifosfamide)
Cyclophosphamide & Ifosfamide
MOA:
Cross-links DNA via guanosine (N7) that is bioactivated by the liver & interferes with replication & transcription
Clinicals:
Solid tumors (breast & ovary)
Leukemia
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Rheumatic disease (SLE & Wegners)
Adverse effects:
1) Hemorrhagic cystitis (avoid with MESNA)
2) Myelosuppression
3) Fanconi syndrome (Ifosfamide)
Nitrogen Mustards
Procarbazine
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA: Alkylating agent
Weak MAO inhibitor
Clinicals:
Hodgkin lymphoma
Brain tumors
- Primary CNS lymphoma
- Glioblastoma multiforme
- Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Adverse effects:
1) Bone marrow suppression
2) Pulmonary toxicity (pneumocystis)
3) Leukemia
4) Disulfiram-like reaction
MOA: Alkylating agent
Weak MAO inhibitor
Clinicals:
Hodgkin lymphoma
Brain tumors
- Primary CNS lymphoma
- Glioblastoma multiforme
- Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Adverse effects:
1) Bone marrow suppression
2) Pulmonary toxicity (pneumocystis)
3) Leukemia
4) Disulfiram-like reaction
Procarbazine
Platinum-containing drugs
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
Cisplatin, Carboplatin, & Oxaliplatin
MOA:
Platinum ions cross-links DNA
Clinical uses:
1) Solid tumors (Testicular, Bladder, Ovarian, Gi, & Lungs)
2) Lymphoma
Adverse effects:
1) Nephrotoxicity (ATN & Fanconi syndrome avoid with Amifostine & Chloride diuresis)
2) Peripheral neuropathy
3) Ototoxicity (hearing loss)
Cisplatin, Carboplatin, & Oxaliplatin
MOA:
Platinum ions cross-links DNA
Clinical uses:
1) Solid tumors (Testicular, Bladder, Ovarian, Gi, & Lungs)
2) Lymphoma
Adverse effects:
1) Nephrotoxicity (ATN & Fanconi syndrome avoid with Amifostine & Chloride diuresis)
2) Peripheral neuropathy
3) Ototoxicity (hearing loss)
Platinum-containing drugs
Taxanes
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
Paclitaxel & Docetaxel
MOA: Microtubule inhibitors
Inhibits microtubule formation & prevents mitotic spindle breakdown (hyper stabilize) in M phase
Clinicals:
Ovarian & Breast cancers
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Neuropathy
3) Hypersensitivity
Paclitaxel & Docetaxel
MOA: Microtubule inhibitors
Inhibits microtubule formation & prevents mitotic spindle breakdown (hyper stabilize) in M phase
Clinicals:
Ovarian & Breast cancers
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Neuropathy
3) Hypersensitivity
Taxanes
Vinca alkaloids
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
Vincristine & Vinblastine
MOA: Microtubule inhibitors
Binds B-tubulin & inhibits it’s polymerization to prevent mitotic spindle formation in M phase
Clinical uses:
Solid tumors
Leukemia
Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Adverse effects:
1) Neurotoxicity (Vincristine)
- peripheral neurotoxicity
- areflexia
- Paralytic ileus
2) Bone marrow suppression (Vinblastine)
Vincristine & Vinblastine
MOA: Microtubule inhibitors
Binds B-tubulin & inhibits it’s polymerization to prevent mitotic spindle formation in M phase
Clinical uses:
Solid tumors
Leukemia
Hodgkin/Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Adverse effects:
1) Neurotoxicity (Vincristine)
- peripheral neurotoxicity
- areflexia
- Paralytic ileus
2) Bone marrow suppression (Vinblastine)
Vinca alkaloids
Etoposide & Teniposide
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Topoisomerase II inhibitors (DNA gyrase) in S & G2 phase, causing double strand breaks
Clinicals:
Testicular & SCLC
Leukemia
Lymphoma
ALL cancer
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Alopecia
3) Gi upset
MOA:
Topoisomerase II inhibitors (DNA gyrase) in S & G2 phase, causing double strand breaks
Clinicals:
Testicular & SCLC
Leukemia
Lymphoma
ALL cancer
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Alopecia
3) Gi upset
Etoposide & Teniposide
Irinotecan & Topotecan
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Topoisomerase I inhibitor that causes single stranded breaks in G2 & S phases
Clinical uses:
Colon cancer (Irinotecan)
Ovarian & SCLC (Topotecan)
Adverse effects:
1) Severe myelosuppression
2) Diarrhea
MOA:
Topoisomerase I inhibitor that causes single stranded breaks in G2 & S phases
Clinical uses:
Colon cancer (Irinotecan)
Ovarian & SCLC (Topotecan)
Adverse effects:
1) Severe myelosuppression
2) Diarrhea
Irinotecan & Topotecan
Tamoxifen & Raloxifene
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA: SERM
Antagonists in breast tissue & partial agonist in endometrial & bone tissue
Clinical uses:
ER/PR +ve breast cancers
Adverse effects:
1) Higher risk of endometrial cancer (Tamoxifen)
2) Higher risk of thromboembolic events (DVT & PE)
3) Hot flashes
MOA: SERM
Antagonists in breast tissue & partial agonist in endometrial & bone tissue
Clinical uses:
ER/PR +ve breast cancers
Adverse effects:
1) Higher risk of endometrial cancer (Tamoxifen)
2) Higher risk of thromboembolic events (DVT & PE)
3) Hot flashes
Tamoxifen & Raloxifene
Alemtuzumab
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies against CD52
Clinical uses:
1) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
2) Multiple sclerosis
Adverse effects:
1) Higher risk of infections & autoimmunity (ITP)
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies against CD52
Clinical uses:
1) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
2) Multiple sclerosis
Adverse effects:
1) Higher risk of infections & autoimmunity (ITP)
Alemtuzumab
Bevacizumab
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies against VEGF to inhibit blood vessel formation
Clinical uses:
1) Solid tumors (Colorectal cancer, Renal cell carcinoma & Non-small cell carcinoma
2) Angio-proliferative retinopathy (wet-age related macular degeneration)
Adverse effects:
1) Hemorrhaging
2) Blood clots
3) Impaired wound healing
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies against VEGF to inhibit blood vessel formation
Clinical uses:
1) Solid tumors (Colorectal cancer, Renal cell carcinoma & Non-small cell carcinoma
2) Angio-proliferative retinopathy (wet-age related macular degeneration)
Adverse effects:
1) Hemorrhaging
2) Blood clots
3) Impaired wound healing
Bevacizumab
Cetuximab & Panitumumab
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies targeted against EGFR
Clinical uses:
Metastatic (stage IV) Colorectal cancer
Head & Neck cancers
Adverse effects:
1) Elevated LFT’s
2) Rash
3) Diarrhea
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies targeted against EGFR
Clinical uses:
Metastatic (stage IV) Colorectal cancer
Head & Neck cancers
Adverse effects:
1) Elevated LFT’s
2) Rash
3) Diarrhea
Cetuximab & Panitumumab
Rituximab
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies against CD20 on the surface of B cells
Clinical uses:
1) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
2) CLL
3) Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
4) Rheumatoid arthritis
Adverse effects:
1) increased risk of subsequent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by JC virus reactivation
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies against CD20 on the surface of B cells
Clinical uses:
1) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
2) CLL
3) Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
4) Rheumatoid arthritis
Adverse effects:
1) increased risk of subsequent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by JC virus reactivation
Rituximab
Trastuzumab
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies against HER2/neu tyrosine kinase receptor
Clinicals:
1) HER2/neu +ve Breast cancer
2) Gastric cancer
Adverse effects:
Dilated cardiomyopathy
MOA:
Anticancer monoclonal antibodies against HER2/neu tyrosine kinase receptor
Clinicals:
1) HER2/neu +ve Breast cancer
2) Gastric cancer
Adverse effects:
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Trastuzumab
Alectinib
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Targets ALK genes
Clinical uses:
Non-Small cell carcinoma
Adverse effects:
1) Edema
2) Rash
3) Diarrhea
MOA:
Targets ALK genes
Clinical uses:
Non-Small cell carcinoma
Adverse effects:
1) Edema
2) Rash
3) Diarrhea
Alectinib
Erlotinib, Gefitinib, & Afatinib
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Targets EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Clinical uses:
Non-small cell carcinoma
Adverse effects:
Rash (face/back)
MOA:
Targets EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Clinical uses:
Non-small cell carcinoma
Adverse effects:
Rash (face/back)
Erlotinib, Gefitinib, & Afatinib
Imatinib, Dasatinib, & Nilotinib
MOA:
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Targets BCR-ABL (cKIT)
Clinical uses:
CML, ALL, GIST
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Elevated LFT’s
3) Edema
4) Myalgias
MOA:
Targets BCR-ABL (cKIT)
Clinical uses:
CML, ALL, GIST
Adverse effects:
1) Myelosuppression
2) Elevated LFT’s
3) Edema
4) Myalgias
Imatinib, Dasatinib, & Nilotinib
Ruxolitinib
MOA
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Targets jak 1/2
Clinical uses:
Polycythemia vera
Adverse effects:
1) Bruises
2) LFT’s
MOA:
Targets jak 1/2
Clinical uses:
Polycythemia vera
Adverse effects:
1) Bruises
2) LFT’s
Ruxolitinib
Bortezomib, Carfizomib, & Ixazomib
MOA
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
Targets proteasomes to induce cell cycle arrest at G2 & M phase to cause apoptosis
Clinicals:
Multiple myeloma
Mantle cell lympoma
Adverse effects:
1) Rash/fatigue/diarrhea
MOA:
Targets proteasomes to induce cell cycle arrest at G2 & M phase to cause apoptosis
Clinicals:
Multiple myeloma
Mantle cell lympoma
Adverse effects:
1) Rash/fatigue/diarrhea
Bortezomib, Carfizomib, & Ixazomib
Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib, & Encorafenib
MOA
Clinical uses:
Adverse effects:
MOA:
BRAK Kinase mutase inhibitor used for BRAF mutations like V600E
Clinical uses:
Metastatic melanoma
Adverse effects:
1) Peripheral neuropathy (HSV reactivation)
MOA:
BRAK Kinase mutase inhibitor used for BRAF mutations like V600E
Clinical uses:
Metastatic melanoma
Adverse effects:
1) Peripheral neuropathy (HSV reactivation)
Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib, & Encorafenib