Block 1 Teratogens

Question 1

What’s the most vulnerable stage of development during growth that is most effected by teratogens

Answer 1

Organogenesis (18-55 days)

Question 2

ACE inhibitors are used to lower BP what teratogens

Answer 2

Renal failure
Oligohydramnios
Hypocalvaria (low Ca2+ causing hypoplasia)

Question 3

Renal failure
Oligohydramnios
Hypo calvaria (low Ca2+ causing hypoplasia)

Are teratogenic complications of which drugs?

Answer 3

ACE inhibitors (used to lower BP)

Question 4

Alkylating agents cause which teratogenic complications?

Answer 4

Ear/facial abnormalities
Missing digits

Question 5

Ear/facial abnormalities
Missing digits

Are teratogenic complications of which drugs

Answer 5

Alkylating agents

Question 6

Aminoglycosides causes what teratogenic effects

Answer 6

Ototoxicity (ear)

Question 7

Ototoxicity (ear)

Are teratogenic complications of which drugs

Answer 7

Aminoglycosides

Question 8

What are the teratogenic effects of smoking

Answer 8

Premature birth
Low birth weight
Fetal growth restriction
SIDS
ADHD

Due to vasoconstriction & impaired O2 delivery

Question 9

Premature birth
Low birth weight
Fetal growth restriction
SIDS
ADHD

Due to vasoconstriction & impaired O2 delivery

Are teratogenic complications of which drugs

Answer 9

Smoking

Question 10

Antiepileptics cause which teratogenic complications

Answer 10

NTD
Cardiac defects
Cleft Platelet
Skeletal defects (hypoplastic nails & facial dysmorphism)

“Antiepileptics Have No Fun”

Question 11

NTD
Cardiac defects
Cleft Platelet
Skeletal defects (hypoplastic nails & facial dysmorphism)

Are teratogenic complications of which drug use?

Answer 11

Anti epileptics

Question 12

Which anti epileptics are the number one culprits for causing teratogenic effects?

Answer 12

Valproate
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital

Question 13

What are the teratogenic complications of cocaine use?

Answer 13

Premature birth
Low birth weight
Fetal growth restriction
(caused by the vasoconstriction)

Question 14

Premature birth
Low birth weight
Fetal growth restriction
(caused by the vasoconstriction)

Are teratogenic complications of which drug use?

Answer 14

Cocaine

Question 15

What are the teratogenic complications of Diethylstilbestrol use?

Answer 15

Vaginal clear cell cancer &
Congenital Mullerian defects

Question 16

Vaginal clear cell cancer &
Congenital Mullerian defects

Are teratogenic complications of which drug use?

Answer 16

Diethylstilbestrol

Question 17

What teratogenic complications do fluoroquinolones cause?

Answer 17

Cartilage damage

Question 18

What are the teratogenic complications of folate antagonists?

Answer 18

NTD

Question 19

Which folate antagonists are the high risk culprits for causing NTD’s?

Answer 19

Trimethoprim & methotrexate

Question 20

What teratogenic complications are caused by Isotretinoin?

Answer 20

Craniofacial abnormalities (microtia & dysmorphism)
CNS issues
Cardiac & thymic defects

Question 21

Craniofacial abnormalities (microtia & dysmorphism)
CNS issues
Cardiac & thymic defects

Are teratogenic complications of which drug?

Answer 21

Isotretinoin

Question 22

What teratogenic complications does lithium cause?

Answer 22

Ebstein’s anomaly

Question 23

What teratogenic complications doe methimazole cause?

Answer 23

Aplasia cutis congenital (aka missing scalp skin)

“METH head = aplasia cutis”

Question 24

What’s the condition? & what’s the teratogenic drug responsible?

Answer 24

Aplasia cutis congenital & Methimazole

Question 25

What teratogenic complications are caused by Thalidomide?

Answer 25

Phocomelia aka flipper limbs

Question 26

What’s the condition? & what’s the teratogenic drug responsible?

Answer 26

Thalidomide & Phocomelia

Question 27

What teratogenic effects are caused by TCA’s?

Answer 27

Discolored teeth
Inhibited bone growth

Question 28

What’s the condition? & what’s the teratogenic drug responsible?

Answer 28

TCA’s & discolored teeth

Question 29

What’s the teratogenic complications caused by Warfarin?

Answer 29

Bone + cartilage deformities (Stippled epiphyses & nasal/limb hypoplasia)
Optic nerve atrophy
Cerebral hemorrhage

Question 30

Bone + cartilage deformities (Stippled epiphyses & nasal/limb hypoplasia)
Optic nerve atrophy
Cerebral hemorrhage

Are teratogenic complications of which drug?

Answer 30

Warfarin

Question 31

What’s the condition? & what’s the teratogenic drug responsible?

Answer 31

Wafarin & Bone + cartilage deformities (Stippled epiphyses & nasal/limb hypoplasia)
Optic nerve atrophy
Cerebral hemorrhage

COLd warS

Question 32

What is the early sign of aspirin toxicity?

Answer 32

patient will present with respiratory alkylosis

Question 33

Mr. Smith presents with severe confusion, tinnitus, vomiting, and palpation-tender abdomen. He has a history of excessive aspirin intake, leading to symptoms of aspirin toxicity. On examination, he appears disoriented and agitated with slightly elevated respiratory rate. Laboratory tests show metabolic acidosis and elevated anion gap. His arterial blood gas analysis indicates partially compensated respiratory alkalosis. What is the drug toxicity & what is the treatment

Answer 33

Diagnosis of aspirin toxicity which can be treated with Bicarbonate

Question 33

Aspirin toxicity causes which effects?

Answer 33

**Tinnitus (CN VIII)
**Gastric ulceration
Dizziness/Headache/Seizures
Sweating
Rapid breathing & heart rate
Fever
**Bleeding tendencies

Question 34

Aspirin can cause what reaction in patients with nasal polyps or asthma

Answer 34

allergic reactions

Question 35

What is the risk of chronic aspirin toxicity

Answer 35

Kidney injury
Interstitial nephritis
GI bleeding

Question 36

Why don’t you give children with a viral infection aspirin?

Answer 36

Reye’s syndrome

Question 37

What’s the transitional sign of aspirin toxicity?

Answer 37

Mixed metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis