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Phase 1: Drug List > Block 3 > Flashcards

Block 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 dopaminergics.

A

Levodopa (L-dopa), pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine.

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of levodopa?

A

Dopamine precursor.

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine.

A

Dopamine receptor agonists (synthetic).

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4
Q

Name 2 dopa-decarboxylase inhibitors.

A

Carbidopa and benserazide.

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dopa-decarboxylase inhibitors?

A

Stops breakdown of levodopa in the periphery by

inhibiting dopa-decarboxylase.

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6
Q

Name 2 COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) Inhibitors.

A

Entacapone and tolcapone.

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of COMT inhibitors?

A

Stops breakdown of DA in the CNS by inhibition of COMT.

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8
Q

Name 2 MAOIB (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, B form)

inhibitors.

A

Rasagiline and selegiline.

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MAOIB (monoamine oxidase inhibitors, B form)
inhibitors?

A

Stops breakdown of DA in CNS by inhibition of MAOIB.

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10
Q

Name 3 anticholinergics.

A

Orphenadrine, procyclidine and trihexphenidyl.

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anticholinergics?

A

Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist.

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12
Q

Name a dopamine-depleting drug.

A

Tetrabenazine.

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetrabenazine?

A

Blocks VMAT, preventing uptake of DA into vesicles.

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of paracetamol?

A

Non-selective COX inhibitor (CNS).

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15
Q

Name 4 NSAIDs.

A

Aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac and naproxen.

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

A

Non-selective COX inhibitors.

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17
Q

Name 2 COX2-selective NSAIDs.

A

Celecoxib and etoricoxib.

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of celecoxib and etoricoxib?

A

Selective COX-2 inhibitor.

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19
Q

Name 2 weak opioid analgesics.

A

Codeine and dihydrocodeine.

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of opioid analgesics?

A

Opioid receptor agonist.

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21
Q

Name 2 strong opioid analgesics.

A

Morphine and diamorphine.

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22
Q

Name a partial/mixed agonist opioid analgesic.

A

Buprenorphine.

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23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of buprenorphine?

A

Opioid receptor agonist (μ)/antagonist (κ).

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24
Q

Name 2 opioid receptor antagonists.

A

Naloxone and naltrexone.

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25
Q

Name 2 drugs used in the management of opioid addiction.

A

Methadone and buprenorphine

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26
Q

What’s the mechanism of action of methadone?

A

Opioid receptor agonist.

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27
Q

Name 3 AEDs used to treat neuropathic pain.

A

Gabapentin (AED), pregabalin (AED) and carbamazepine (AED).

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28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of gabapentin?

A

Inhibits VDCC and increases GABA transmission.

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29
Q

What is the mechanism of action of pregabalin?

A

Inhibits VDCC.

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30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine?

A

Sodium channel blocker.

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31
Q

Name 2 tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).

A

Amitriptyline and nortriptyline.

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32
Q

What is the mechanism of action of TCAs?

A

SRI, NRI, H1 antagonist, M1 antagonist, adrenergic

antagonist.

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33
Q

Name 2 SSRIs.

A

Sertraline and citalopram.

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34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

A

Inhibits the serotonin (5HT) reuptake pump.

35
Q

Name a monoamine (A) oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).

A

Moclobemide.

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of MAOIs?

A

Stops breakdown of monoamines in CNS. Reversible

inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA).

37
Q

Name 6 atypical antidepressants.

A

Reboxetine, bupropion, buspirone, agomelatine, venlafaxine and mirtazapine.

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of reboxetine?

39
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bupropion?

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action of buspirone?

A

5HT1a partial agonist.

41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of agomelatine?

A

Melatonin agonist.

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of venlafaxine?

43
Q

What is the mechanism of action of mirtazapine?

A

α2-adrenergic antagonist.

44
Q

Name 3 second generation antipsychotics.

A

Amisulpride, risperidone and clozapine.

45
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amisulpride?

A

Serotonin (5HT7) and dopamine (D2) antagonist.

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action of risperidone and clozapine?

A

Serotonin (5HT2A) and dopamine (D2) antagonist.

47
Q

Name 2 first generation antipsychotics.

A

Chlorpromazine and haloperidol.

48
Q

What is the mechanism of action of first generation antipsychotics?

A

Selective dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist.

49
Q

What drug class does lithium belong to?

A

Mood stabiliser.

50
Q

Name 5 general anaesthetics.

A

Isoflurane, propofol, nitrous oxide, sevoflurane and ketamine.

51
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ketamine?

A

NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist.

52
Q

Name 3 local anaesthetics.

A

Lidocaine, bupivacaine and levobupivacaine.

53
Q

What is the mechanism of action of local anaesthetics?

A

Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers.

54
Q

Name 4 neuromuscular blockers.

A
  • Suxamethonium (depolarising)
  • Atracurium (non-depolarising)
  • Vecuronium (non-depolarising)
  • Neostigmine
55
Q

What is the mechanism of action of suxamethonium?

A

Initially depolarisation and desensitization of AChR.

56
Q

What is the mechanism of action of vecuronium and atracurium?

A

Competitive antagonist at AChR

57
Q

What is the mechanism of action of neostigmine?

A

Peripheral inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase.

58
Q

Name 2 drugs used for reversing NMB block.

A

Sugammadex and neostigmine.

59
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sugammadex?

A

Oligosaccharide that forms a complex with NMB

removing them from NMJ.

60
Q

Name 7 muscle relaxants/sedatives/anxiolytic-hypnotic.

A
  • Zolpidem (‘Z-drug’)
  • Temazepam (BDZ)
  • Dexmedetomidine
  • Propranolol
  • Alfentanil
  • Fentanil (or ‘-yl’)
  • Remifentanil
61
Q

What is the mechanism of action of zolpidem?

A

GABA PAM (mechanistically identical to BDZ).

62
Q

What is the mechanism of action of temazepam?

63
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine?

A

α2-adrenergic receptor agonist.

64
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alfentanil, fentanil and remifentanil?

A

Opioid receptor agonist.

65
Q

Name a BDZ antagonist.

A

Flumazenil.

66
Q

What is the mechanism of action of flumazenil?

A

BDZ antagonist.

67
Q

Name 4 anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs).

A

Sodium valproate, lamotrigine, ethosuximide and carbemazepine.

68
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sodium valproate, lamotrigine and carbemazepine?

A

Sodium channel blocker

69
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ethosuximide?

A

Calcium channel blocker (T-type).

70
Q

Name 3 benzodiazepines (BDZ).

A

Midazolam, lorazepam and diazepam.

71
Q

What is the mechanism of action of BDZs?

A

GABA PAM (γ-subunit).

72
Q

Name 3 barbiturates (Barb).

A

Phenobarbitone, pentobarbitone and primidone.

73
Q

What is the mechanism of action of barbiturates (Barb)?

A

GABA PAM (β-subunit).

74
Q

Name 3 anticholinesterases used to treat dementia.

A

Donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine.

75
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anticholinesterases?

A

Inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (reversible).

76
Q

Name a glutamate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.

A

Memantine.

77
Q

What is the mechanism of action of memantine?

A

VD blocker of NMDA receptors (NMDA NAM).

78
Q

Name 3 antimicrobial/antiviral drugs used for CNS infection.

A

Ceftriaxone, acyclovir and amoxicillin.

79
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ceftriaxone?

A

Inhibits synthesis of cell walls in bacteria.

80
Q

What is the mechanism of action of acyclovir?

A

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis.

81
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amoxicillin?

A

Induces cell lysis by blocking the last stages of cell wall

synthesis.

82
Q

Name a corticosteroid used to treat CNS infection.

A

Dexamethasone.

83
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dexamethasone?

A

Glucocorticoid receptor agonist.

Phase 1: Drug List (5 decks)

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