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Phase 1: Drug List > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What drug class does aluminium hydroxide + magnesium hydroxide belong to?

A

Antacids.

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2
Q

What drug class does calcium carbonate + magnesium carbonate belong to?

A

Antacids.

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of antacids?

A

Gastric acid neutralisation.

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4
Q

What drug class does sodium alginate + sodium bicarbonate + calcium carbonate belong to?

A

Antacids and alginates.

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5
Q

What is mechanism of action of antacids and alginates?

A

Gastric acid neutralisation and increasing viscosity of stomach contents.

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6
Q

Give 2 examples of H2-receptor antagonists.

A

Ranitidine, cimetidine.

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of H2-receptor antagonists?

A

Blockade of gastric H2 histamine receptors.

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of proton pump inhibitors.

A

Omeprazole, lansoprazole.

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors?

A

Blockade of parietal cell proton transporters.

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10
Q

What drug class does methylcellulose belong to?

A

Bulk laxatives.

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11
Q

What drug class does isphagula husk belong to?

A

Bulk laxatives.

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bulk laxatives?

A

Water retention in the intestinal lumen to soften and bulk stools.

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13
Q

Name 3 osmotic laxatives.

A

Magnesium sulphate and magnesium
hydroxide (saline purgatives), macrogol and
lactulose.

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of osmotic laxatives?

A

Water retention in the intestinal lumen to soften and bulk stools.

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15
Q

What drug class do docusate and arachis oil belong to?

A

Faecal softeners.

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of faecal softeners?

A

Stimulate water and electrolyte secretion into the intestinal lumen, and lower surface tension, allowing water and fat to enter the stool.

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17
Q

Name 2 stimulant purgatives.

A

Senna and bisacodyl.

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of stimulant purgatives?

A

Increase intestinal motility.

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19
Q

What is oral rehydration therapy?

A

isotonic/hypotonic solution of glucose

and sodium chloride.

20
Q

Give 2 examples of opioid anti-motility agents.

A

Loperamide and codeine.

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of opioid anti-motility agents?

A

Agonist for µ-opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus.

22
Q

Give an example of a loop diuretic.

A

Furosemide.

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?

A

Inhibits the Na+/K+/2Cl transporter in the loop of Henle.

24
Q

Name 4 thiazide (and related) diuretics.

A

Indapamide, bendroflumethiazide,

hydrochlorothiazide and chlortalidone.

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of thiazide (and related) diuretics?

A

Inhibits the Na+/Cl- co-transporter in the early distal tubule.

26
Q

Name 3 potassium-sparing diuretics.

A

Spironolactone, eplerenone and amiloride.

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of spironolactone and eplerenone?

A

Mineralocorticoid receptor (aldosterone) blockade.

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amiloride?

A

Blockade of sodium reabsorption via ENaC channel.

29
Q

What drug class does acetazolamide belong to?

A

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Prevent renal reabsorption of bicarbonate.

31
Q

Give an example of an osmotic diuretic.

A

Mannitol.

32
Q

What is the mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics?

A

Increase the osmolarity of glomerular filtrate.

33
Q

Give an example of a renin inhibitor.

A

Aliskiren.

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of renin inhibitors?

A

Inhibition of angiotensin I generation by renin.

35
Q

Give an example of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.

A

Ramipril.

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

- Reduces vasoconstriction

37
Q

Give an example of an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist.

A

Losartan.

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin-II receptor antagonists?

A

Blockade of cell signalling induced by angiotensin II.

39
Q

Give an example of an aldosterone antagonist.

A

Spironolactone.

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aldosterone antagonists?

A

Blockade of mineralocorticoid activation.

41
Q

Name 2 thyroid hormones used to treat thyroid disorders.

A

Levothyroxine and liothyronine.

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action of levothyroxine and liothyronine?

A

Activation of thyroid hormone receptors.

43
Q

Name an alpha-adrenergic blocker used in the treatment of urinary retention.

A

Doxazosin.

44
Q

What is the mechanism of action of doxazosin?

A

Smooth muscle relaxant affecting the neck of the bladder.

45
Q

Name a urinary anti-spasmodic anticholinergic drug used to treat urinary incontinence.

A

Oxybutinin.

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action of oxybutinin?

A

Blockade of muscarinic receptors leading to reduction of bladder detrusor activity.

Phase 1: Drug List (5 decks)

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