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Phase 1: Drug List > Block 2 > Flashcards

Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonists.

A

Salbutamol and terbutaline.

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2
Q

Name 2 long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonists.

A

Salmeterol and formoterol.

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of beta-2 adrenergic agonists?

A

Stimulation of airway smooth muscle relaxation.

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4
Q

Name a short-acting anti-cholinergics.

A

Ipratropium.

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5
Q

Name a long-acting anti-cholinergics.

A

Tiotropium.

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anti-cholinergic drugs?

A

Blockade of cholinergic activity in airway smooth muscle leading to muscle relaxation.

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7
Q

Give 2 examples of methylxanthines.

A

Theophylline and aminophylline.

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthines?

A

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase, increasing cellular cAMP.

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9
Q

Name 4 glucocorticoids used to treat airway disease.

A

Beclomethasone, prednisolone, fluticasone and hydrocortisone.

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in the treatment of airway disease?

A

Activation of glucocorticoid receptors in immune cells,

reducing airway inflammation.

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11
Q

Name 2 leukotriene receptor antagonists.

A

Montelukast and zafirlukast.

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A

Blockade of proinflammatory leukotriene signalling.

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13
Q

Give an example of an ACE inhibitor.

A

Ramipril.

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

A
  • Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

- Reduces vasoconstriction

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15
Q

Name 2 angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).

A

Losartan and valsartan.

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

A

Blockade of cell signalling induced by angiotensin II.

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17
Q

Name two selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists.

A

Bisoprolol and atenolol.

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18
Q

Name a non-selective beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist.

A

Propranolol.

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of beta adrenergic receptor antagonists?

A

Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors on cardiomyocytes, reducing inotropy and chronotropy.

20
Q

Name 2 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).

A

Atorvastatin and simvastatin.

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

Inhibition of mevalonate metabolism in the cholesterol

synthesis pathway.

22
Q

Give 2 examples of calcium channel antagonists used to treat heart failure and hypertension.

A

Nifedipine and amlodipine.

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel antagonists?

A

Blockade of L-type calcium channels, promoting

vasodilation.

24
Q

Give 2 examples of nitrate vasodilators.

A

Glycerol trinitrate (GTN) and isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN).

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nitrate vasodilators?

A

Release of nitric oxide –> relaxation of vascular smooth

muscle.

26
Q

Name an anti-cholinergic used for emergency

bradycardia treatment.

A

Atropine.

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of atropine?

A

Blockade of cardiac muscarinic receptors.

28
Q

Name an alpha sympathomimetic.

A

Noradrenaline.

29
Q

Name a beta sympathomimetic.

A

Dobutamine.

30
Q

Name an alpha and beta sympathomimetic.

A

Adrenaline.

31
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sympathomimetics?

A

Stimulation of cardiac inotropy and chronotropy.

32
Q

Name a neprilysin inhibitor.

A

Sacubitril.

33
Q

Which ARB drug is used in combination with sacubitril?

A

Valsartan.

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of sacubitril?

A

Inhibition of natriuretic peptide breakdown.

35
Q

Name 2 antiplatelet drugs.

A

Aspirin and clopidogrel.

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

A

Inhibition of thromboxane A2 production.

37
Q

What is the mechanism of action of clopidogrel?

A

Blockade of platelet ADP receptors.

38
Q

Name 4 anticoagulant drugs.

A

Warfarin, unfractionated heparin,

low molecular weight heparin and dabigatran.

39
Q

What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?

A

Inhibition of clotting factor synthesis.

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action of heparin?

A

Enhances action of antithrombin III.

41
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dabigatran?

A

Direct inhibition of thrombin.

42
Q

Name three thrombolytics.

A

Alteplase, streptokinase and urokinase.

43
Q

What is the mechanism of action of thrombolytics?

A

Digestion of fibrin in thrombi to restore blood flow .

Phase 1: Drug List (5 decks)

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