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Gas A Level 2 > Block 2 - Network Devices - Automation & Instrumentation Control Systems > Flashcards

Block 2 - Network Devices - Automation & Instrumentation Control Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is RS232?

A

A widely used standard for serial communication between two devices

It has been in use since the 1960s.

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2
Q

What are the key features of RS232?

A
  • Simplicity and ease of implementation
  • Widely supported by various devices
  • Bidirectional communication
  • Cable lengths up to 50 feet (15 meters)
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3
Q

What are the limitations of RS232?

A
  • Relatively slow data transfer rate (max 115.2 kbps)
  • Restricted range of 50 feet (15 meters)
  • Lacks built-in error-checking mechanisms
  • Limited to single point-to-point communication
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4
Q

What is the purpose of RS422 and RS485 protocols?

A

Developed to overcome limitations of RS232 for device communication in industrial and commercial environments

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5
Q

What are key features of RS422 and RS485?

A
  • Differential signaling for superior noise immunity
  • Higher data transfer rates (up to 10 Mbps)
  • Longer cable distances (RS422: 4,000 feet, RS485: 10,000 feet)
  • Supports multiple devices on a single bus
  • Built-in error-checking mechanisms
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6
Q

What are the limitations of RS422 and RS485?

A
  • Increased complexity in implementation
  • Requires additional hardware (transceivers)
  • RS485 necessitates half-duplex mode for multi-device communication
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7
Q

What is the MODBUS protocol primarily used for?

A

Communication protocol primarily used in industrial automation

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8
Q

What are the features of MODBUS?

A
  • Straightforward and easy to implement
  • Open standard with no licensing fees
  • Supports various communication methods (RS232, RS485, Ethernet)
  • Accommodates multiple data types (binary, decimal, hexadecimal)
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9
Q

What are the limitations of MODBUS?

A
  • Slow data transfer rate (115.2 kbps for serial, 100 Mbps for Ethernet)
  • Limited security features
  • Minimal error-checking capabilities
  • Does not support real-time communication
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10
Q

What is BACnet MSTP?

A

A variation of the BACnet protocol designed for building automation over RS485 networks

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11
Q

What are the features of BACnet MSTP?

A
  • Token-passing scheme for efficient bandwidth utilization
  • Supports multiple devices on a single network
  • Accommodates various data types (binary, analog, character strings)
  • Built-in error-checking mechanisms
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12
Q

What are the limitations of BACnet MSTP?

A
  • Maximum data transfer rate of 76.8 kbps
  • Restricted range of 1,200 meters (4,000 feet)
  • Lacks robust security features
  • Does not support real-time communication
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13
Q

What is BACnet IP?

A

A protocol that utilizes the Internet Protocol for communication over Ethernet networks

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14
Q

What are the features of BACnet IP?

A
  • High-speed data transfer suitable for real-time communication
  • Supports multiple devices on a single network
  • Accommodates various data types
  • Built-in error-checking mechanisms
  • Security features including encryption and authentication
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15
Q

What are the limitations of BACnet IP?

A
  • Distance limitation (Ethernet cable lengths typically restricted to 100 meters)
  • Challenges in integrating with legacy systems
  • More complex configuration process compared to BACnet MSTP
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16
Q

What is Metasys N2?

A

A proprietary protocol developed by Johnson Controls for building automation systems

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17
Q

What are the features of Metasys N2?

A
  • Token-passing scheme for optimizing bandwidth utilization
  • Supports multiple devices on a single network
  • Wide range of data types
  • Built-in error-checking mechanisms
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18
Q

What are the limitations of Metasys N2?

A
  • Proprietary nature limits interoperability
  • Maximum cable length of 1,200 meters (4,000 feet)
  • Lacks advanced features like real-time communication and encryption
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19
Q

What is the LON protocol?

A

An open standard for building automation systems promoting interoperability across devices from different manufacturers

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20
Q

What are the features of LON?

A
  • Open protocol design for interoperability
  • Supports multiple devices on a single network
  • Handles various data types (binary, analog, character strings)
  • Built-in error-checking mechanisms
  • Highly scalable
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21
Q

What are the limitations of LON?

A
  • Limited data transfer rate of 78.125 kbps
  • Range capped at 500 meters (1,640 feet)
  • Limited support for advanced features
  • Requires specialized knowledge for design and maintenance
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22
Q

What is DeviceNet?

A

A proprietary protocol widely used in industrial automation systems

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23
Q

What are the features of DeviceNet?

A
  • Supports multiple devices on a single network
  • Plug-and-play capability for easy installation
  • Supports real-time communication
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24
Q

What is DeviceNet particularly beneficial for?

A

Large industrial facilities needing to manage numerous devices simultaneously

DeviceNet is designed for effective device management in complex industrial environments.

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25
Q

What is a key feature of DeviceNet that simplifies installation?

A

Plug-and-play capability

This feature allows for effortless installation and configuration without intricate programming.

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26
Q

What allows DeviceNet to facilitate rapid and responsive control in industrial operations?

A

Support for real-time communication

This feature enhances the efficiency of industrial operations.

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27
Q

What is the maximum data transfer rate of DeviceNet?

A

Up to 500 kbps

This makes it suitable for applications requiring high-speed data transfer.

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28
Q

Name two applications where DeviceNet can be utilized.

A
  • Motion control
  • Machine vision
  • Robotics

DeviceNet’s flexibility allows it to handle diverse automation tasks.

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29
Q

What is a limitation regarding the cable length for DeviceNet?

A

Maximum cable length of 500 meters (1,640 feet)

This can pose challenges in larger industrial facilities.

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30
Q

True or False: DeviceNet is compatible with products from multiple manufacturers.

A

False

DeviceNet is only compatible with products from Rockwell Automation.

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31
Q

What advanced features does DeviceNet lack?

A
  • Encryption
  • Authentication
  • Network management

These limitations can constrain its applicability in secure environments.

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32
Q

What is HART in the context of industrial automation?

A

A hybrid communication protocol used in process automation

HART stands for Highway Addressable Remote Transducer.

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33
Q

What type of communication does HART support?

A

Both analog and digital communication

This dual capability ensures seamless integration.

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34
Q

What is HART’s maximum data transfer rate?

A

1.2 kbps

This may not suffice for high-speed data transfer applications.

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35
Q

What is the maximum cable length supported by HART?

A

2 kilometers (1.2 miles)

This can be a challenge in larger facilities.

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36
Q

Name two advantages of HART.

A
  • Compatibility with a wide range of devices
  • Low-cost integration into existing systems

These features enhance flexibility and cost-effectiveness.

37
Q

What is a significant limitation of HART?

A

Lack of support for advanced features like real-time communication

This restricts its use in applications requiring higher security or real-time data processing.

38
Q

What communication technique does Spread Spectrum use?

A

Frequency-hopping technique

This disperses the signal over a wide range of frequencies.

39
Q

What are two key benefits of Spread Spectrum protocols?

A
  • Enhanced security
  • Resilience to interference

These characteristics are particularly valuable in industrial and military applications.

40
Q

What is the range of communication capabilities for Spread Spectrum?

A

Up to several kilometers

This depends on the frequency band and power output.

41
Q

What is a limitation of Spread Spectrum regarding data transmission?

A

Limited bandwidth

This can restrict the amount of data transmitted over the network.

42
Q

What is a key requirement for the operation of Spread Spectrum?

A

Synchronization between the transmitter and receiver

This can be challenging in some environments.

43
Q

What does Ethernet TCP/IP enable in computer networks?

A

Seamless exchange of data between different devices

It ensures reliable and accurate communication.

44
Q

What is one of the scalability benefits of Ethernet TCP/IP?

A

Supports large and complex networks

This makes it ideal for expanding networks.

45
Q

What are two network topologies supported by Ethernet TCP/IP?

A
  • Star
  • Bus
  • Ring

This flexibility allows it to be tailored to specific network designs.

46
Q

What is a major security concern with Ethernet TCP/IP?

A

Vulnerability to hacking, malware, and denial-of-service attacks

Robust security measures must be implemented to mitigate these risks.

47
Q

True or False: Ethernet TCP/IP is optimized for real-time applications.

A

False

It is not optimized for applications requiring precise and immediate data transmission.

48
Q

What are automation and instrumentation control systems?

A

Essential components of many industrial processes that provide a way to monitor and control equipment.

49
Q

What is the importance of proper installation of automation and instrumentation control systems?

A

Ensures systems function correctly and meet desired performance standards.

50
Q

List the key steps involved in the installation of automation and instrumentation control systems.

A
  • Designing the system layout
  • Selecting appropriate components
  • Installing hardware
  • Configuring software
51
Q

Why is manufacturer’s documentation important?

A

Provides detailed information on installation, operation, and maintenance, ensuring best practices are followed.

52
Q

In which industries are automation and instrumentation control systems commonly used?

A
  • Manufacturing
  • Oil and Gas
  • Power Generation
  • Water Treatment
  • Building Automation
  • Transportation
53
Q

What role do automation and instrumentation control systems play in manufacturing?

A

Control production lines and monitor processes such as temperature, pressure, and speed.

54
Q

True or False: Automation in the oil and gas industry helps to optimize production and prevent accidents.

A

True

55
Q

What is system compatibility in automation and instrumentation control systems?

A

The ability of various components within the system to work together seamlessly.

56
Q

What are communication protocols?

A

Rules and standards for data exchange between components within the system.

57
Q

What does scalability refer to in automation and instrumentation control systems?

A

The system’s ability to accommodate growth and changes without compromising performance.

58
Q

Fill in the blank: Ensuring _______ compatibility is crucial to preventing system malfunctions and safety hazards.

A

component

59
Q

What factors must be considered to ensure component compatibility?

A
  • Power supply requirements
  • Operating environment
  • Software compatibility
60
Q

What is the first step in the mounting of automation and instrumentation controls?

A

Selecting an appropriate mounting location.

61
Q

What is the significance of proper grounding in instrumentation control systems?

A

Prevents electrical noise, ensures safety, and protects the system from electrical surges.

62
Q

What should be included in the testing of wiring for instrumentation control systems?

A
  • Continuity testing
  • Insulation resistance testing
  • Loop testing
63
Q

Why is it important to update wiring diagrams during installation?

A

To ensure they accurately reflect the current state of the system for effective operation and maintenance.

64
Q

What is the role of planning in wiring practices for instrumentation control systems?

A

Ensures that wiring methods, cables, connectors, and conduit sizes meet system requirements.

65
Q

True or False: Incompatible software can lead to communication breakdowns in automation systems.

A

True

66
Q

What should be done after documenting changes during the installation process?

A

Update the wiring diagram to reflect the current state of the system.

67
Q

What is the importance of labeling and color-coding in wiring diagrams?

A

Facilitates easier identification of components and connections during troubleshooting and maintenance.

68
Q

What is the purpose of updating the wiring diagram?

A

To reflect the current state of the system, including adding new components, modifying existing connections, and updating wire labels and routing.

An accurate wiring diagram is crucial for effective system operation and maintenance.

69
Q

Why is labeling and color-coding important in wiring diagrams?

A

It makes it easier to identify components and connections during troubleshooting and maintenance, reducing the risk of errors and improving overall efficiency.

70
Q

What stakeholders should review the updated wiring diagram?

A

Engineers, technicians, and safety personnel.

71
Q

What are the key aspects of operating conditions for automation and instrumentation control systems?

A
  • Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Vibration
  • Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
  • Environmental conditions
72
Q

What is the significance of maintaining the appropriate temperature for automation systems?

A

To prevent overheating or freezing, which could lead to system malfunctions.

73
Q

How can high humidity levels affect automation systems?

A

They can cause condensation, which can damage the automation and instrumentation control system.

74
Q

What is the impact of excessive vibration on automation systems?

A

It can affect the accuracy and reliability of the system.

75
Q

What is the effect of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on automation systems?

A

It can cause errors and malfunctions.

76
Q

What environmental conditions should be evaluated during installation?

A
  • Dust
  • Dirt
  • Corrosive materials
77
Q

What are some precautions to prevent static discharge during installation?

A
  • Grounding
  • Bonding
  • Use of antistatic materials
  • Limiting movement
  • Monitoring
78
Q

What does grounding involve?

A

Ensuring that all conductive materials are properly grounded to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charge.

79
Q

What is bonding in the context of static discharge prevention?

A

Connecting two conductive materials together with a wire to ensure they are at the same electrical potential.

80
Q

Fill in the blank: To minimize the risk of accidental discharges, personnel should use _______ materials.

A

antistatic

81
Q

What is the purpose of ESD monitoring equipment?

A

To monitor the electrostatic charge on personnel and equipment.

82
Q

What is the Canadian Electrical Code (CEC)?

A

A standard for electrical installations in Canada, setting minimum safety requirements.

83
Q

What does the National Fire Code of Canada (NFCC) address?

A

Fire safety requirements for buildings and structures, including fire alarm and detection systems.

84
Q

What does the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) do?

A

Develops and publishes standards for various industries, including automation and instrumentation control systems.

85
Q

What do the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) regulations include?

A

Provisions for electrical safety, machine safety, and other hazards associated with installation and operation.

86
Q

What must be submitted to Technical Safety BC’s design registry before installation?

A

The system design for approval.

87
Q

What are the three key types of testing for automation systems?

A
  • Functional Testing
  • Calibration
  • Loop Testing
88
Q

What should proper documentation for automation systems include?

A
  • Wiring Diagrams
  • Mounting Details
  • Test Reports
  • Other Relevant Documentation
89
Q

Why is thorough testing essential after installation?

A

To ensure that the system is functioning correctly.

Gas A Level 2 (22 decks)

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