Block 13 Cardiorespiratory Flashcards
Testing Troponin for acute MI is a sensitive or specific test
Sensitive (test a high proportion of people who really have disease)
Other causes of raised troponin
Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension and septicaemia
Large A waves on the JVP are indicative of..
Pulmonary hypertension (right sided heart failure)) tricuspid stenosis
What property of salmetrol enables its longer acting binding time than salbutamol
Lipophilic side chain binding to exosites around the B2 receptors
Which type of inflammatory cell is characteristic of asthma
Eosinophil and IgE loaded mast cells
In patients with apical lung cancers what is the cause of Horner’s syndrome
Sympathetic ganglion invasion by tumour
Which form of non-small cell carcinoma has the strongest association with smoking
Squamous cells carcinoma
List the characteristic features of dysplasia
Disordered cell growth
Loss of normal architecture and uniformity
Pleomorphic and hyperchromatic nuclei
Increased mitotic figures
Most common causative agents of community acquired pneumonia in the elderly
Strep. p
Haemophilis I
Mechanism of airways obstruction in emphysema
Loss of outward traction from tethering alveoli, airspaces collapse on expiration
Cytokines produced in skewed T- helper response in asthmatics
IL-4 and IL-5
Symptoms/characteristics of pulmonary oedema due to heart failure
Abrupt
Pink frothy sputum
Orthopnea (worse supine)
Cold and clammy
Features of a chest X-ray indicative of pulmonary oedema
Curly b lines
Blunt costophrenic angles
Diffuse shading/florid -fluid on lungs
Explain how use of ACE inhibitors can lead to renal failure
Fall in GFR
Major side effect of dihydropyridine Calcium channel blockers
Ankle swelling
