Block 12 - Week 7

Question 1

Diazepam

Answer 1

Benzodiazepine (GABA receptor agonist )

anxiety , and muscle relaxant

Bind to benzodiazepine receptors (BR) - which Mediate sleep, affects muscle relaxation,anti convulsant activity , motor coordination and memory

Also BR linked to GABA receptors which causes CI- channels to open causing hyper polarisation and preventing further cell excitation

Question 2

Propofol

Answer 2

IV Anaesthetic agent - GABA receptor modulator - general anaesthesia

Question 3

Lamotrigine

Answer 3

Anti convulsant

Na channel Inhibitor

Epilepsy and bipolar

Modulates presynaptic release of glutamate and aspartate

Question 4

Carbamazepine

Answer 4

Anti convulsant

Na channel inhibitor

Focal seizures

Also used as a mood stabiliser in bipolar disorder or first line of treatment in trigeminal neuralgia

Question 5

Phenytoin

Answer 5

Anti convulsant - epilepsy

Sodium channel inhibitor

Motor cortex - prevents spread of seizure activity

Also first line of therapy for status epilepticus

Question 6

Sodium valproate

Answer 6

Anti convulsant

Na channel inhibitor / GABA receptor agonist

Also used as a mood stabiliser

Question 7

Donopezil

Answer 7

Reversible Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor

Used to treat dementia also been used for Alzheimer’s disease

Question 8

Suxamethonium

Answer 8

Depolarising nicotinic Cholinergic receptor antagonist

Non reversible

Muscle relaxation

Given after a general anaesthetic as muscle relaxation is preceded by painful muscle fasciculation’s

Question 9

Levodopa

Answer 9

Dopamine replacement therapy

Used to replace dopamine lost in Parkinson’s

Question 10

Bromocriptine

Answer 10

Dopamine agonist - D2 receptor

Can be used in Parkinsonism syndrome , pulmonary fibrosis , acromegaly etc

Question 11

Gabapentin

Answer 11

Anti convulsant

Incr synaptic conc of GABA

Can also be used for more neuropathic pain or as an adjunct in chronic pain syndromes

Question 12

Selegiline

Answer 12

Dopamine therapy (mono amine oxidase B inhibitor )

Treat Parkinson’s disease

Irreversible inhibit MAO- B which is involved in oxidative deamination of dopamine in the brain

Can also be used for treatment of depression as at higher levels it can also inhibit MAO-A

Question 13

Isoflurane

Answer 13

General anaesthetic agent
Neuronal ion channel modulator

Induces muscle relaxation and reduces pain sensitivity

Question 14

Atracurium

Answer 14

Comp Cholinergic receptor antagonist

Skeletal muscle relaxant

Neuromuscular block

Action of this drug can be reversed by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine , edrophonium and pyridostigimine

Question 15

Memantine

Answer 15

NMDA receptor antagonist

Used in treatment of dementia

Question 16

Fentanyl

Answer 16

Opioid analgesic

Opioid receptor agonist

Mu receptor

IV analgesic in anaesthesia

In epidurals and spinals for regional anaesthesia / analgesia and as a transdermal patch for chronic pain