Block 10-week 2

Question 1

Bendroflumethazide

Answer 1

Thiazide diuretic

Inhibits Na-Cl cotransporter , blocking active chloride reabsorption in the early distal tubule

Also inhibits sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium

Question 2

Chlortalidone

Answer 2

Monosulfonamyl diuretic

Inhibits Na+ transport across the renal tubular epithelium in the ascending limb of henle . Indirectly Incr potassium accretion via the sodium - potassium exchange mechanism

Question 3

Doxazosin

Answer 3

Alpha adrenoceptor antagonist

Used to treat hypertension

Inhibits Alpha-1 adrenoceptors on vascular smooth muscle

Question 4

Spironolactone

Answer 4

Potassium sparing diuretic

Inhibits aldosterone receptors in the distal tubule

Incr secretion of sodium and water while decr potassium

Question 5

Acetazolamide

Answer 5

Reversible inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase leading to a reduction in the availability of hydrogen ions for active transport in the renal tubule lumen - alkaline Urine and incr excretion of bicarbonate , sodium , potassium and water

Question 6

Cisplatin

Answer 6

Antineoplastic alkylation agent

Cancer treatment

Attaching alkyl groups to DNA bases resulting in DNA fragmentation and preventing DNA replication

Question 7

Methotrexate

Answer 7

Antineoplastic anti metabolite

Anti metabolites are synthetic versions of purines and pyrimidines which are building blocks of DNA they prevent purine or pyrimidines becoming incorporated into DNA during S phase of cell cycle preventing normal development and cell Division

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 8

Phenobarbital

Answer 8

Barbiturate

Acts on GABA receptors incr synaptic inhibiton

Elevates seizure threshold and stops spread of seizure activity from a focus point

Inhibit calcium channels decr excitatory transmitter release

Seizure disorders

Question 9

Pethidine

Answer 9

Synthetic opiate agonist

Acute pain

Kappa opiate agonist with local anaesthetic effects

Question 10

Mannitol

Answer 10

Osmotic diuretic

Elevated blood plasma osmolality
Incr osmolality of glomerular filtrate
AIDS water excretion

Question 11

Amphetamine

Answer 11

Non-catecholamine sympathomimetic

Noradrenaline , serotonin and dopamine releaser

NAR - central adrenergic receptors
Dopamine - mesocortical and nigrostriatal sytems

Question 12

Warfarin

Answer 12

Vitamin K antagonist

Anticoagulant

Thromboembolism disease