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PHARMACOLOGY 2 > BLOCK 10 > Flashcards

BLOCK 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some examples of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors?

A

enalapril, lisinopril. ramipril. catopril

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2
Q

how do ACE inhibitors work?

A

by inhibiting ACE, angiotensin 1 cant be converted to angiotensin 2. This means angiotensin 2 cant increase bp through secretion of aldosterone, vasopressin or vasoconstriction. This also inhibits the thirst response
ACE inhibitors also inhibit the deactivation of bradykinin, increasing vasodilation and decreasing bp.

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3
Q

what type of drug is amiloride?

A

a potassium-sparing diuretic and an antihypertensive

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4
Q

what is amoliride often used in conjunction with?

A

thiazide or loop diuretics

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5
Q

how does amiloride work?

A

it inhibits na+ reabsorption in the collecting ducts in kidneys through binding to amolirude-sensitive epithelial Na+ channels, promoting the loss of Na+ and water whilst retaining H+ and K+

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6
Q

what type of drug is furosemide?

A

a loop diuretic

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7
Q

how does furosemide work?

A

it inhibits the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb by competitive inhibition of Cl- binding site. this prevents Na+ transport out of the tubule so water is also retained.

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8
Q

what’s a concerns with amiloride?

A

it can cause hyperkalaemia

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9
Q

what type of drug is bendoflumethiazide?

A

a thiazide diuretic

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10
Q

how does bendroflumethiazide work?

A

it inhibits the Na+/cl- transport in the DCT causing increase in excretion of Na+, Cl- and water
it also inhibits Na+ transport across renal tubular epithelium through binding to thiazide sensitive Na+/Cl- transporter resulting in an increase in K+ excretion via Na+/K+ exchange mechanisms

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11
Q

what type of drug is spironolactone?

A

a K+ sparing diuretic

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12
Q

how does spironolactone work?

A

Spironolactone binds to the Na+/K+ receptor in the DCT, blocking the actions of aldosterone on gene expression and increasing secretion of water and Na+ whilst decreasing excretion of K+

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13
Q

what type of drug is mannitol?

A

an osmotic diuretic

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14
Q

where do we naturally get mannitol from?

A

mushrooms, cauliflower, celery and peas

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15
Q

how does mannitol work?

A

it is not reabsorbed in the renal tube so increases the osmolality of the glomerular filtrate, aiding water excretion

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16
Q

What type of drug is chlortalidone?

A

A thiazide-like diuretic

17
Q

How does chlortalidone work?

A

It inhibits Na+ reabsorption across renal tubules in DCT by inhibiting Na/Cl transporter

18
Q

What type of drug is doxazosin?

A

An alpha adrenergic blocking agent

19
Q

How does doxazosin work?

A

It selectively inhibits alpha 1 adrenergic receptors at vascular smooth muscle, blocking the vasoconstrictive effects of catecholamines

20
Q

What is doxazosin used to treat?

A

Hypertension and BPB

21
Q

What is chlortalidone used to treat?

A

High bp, fluid retention

22
Q

What type of drug is a acetazopamide?

A

A reversible inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase

23
Q

How does acetazopamide work?

A

Inhibits carbonic anhydrase leading in a reduction in H+ for active transport In the renal tube lumen. This leads to alkaline urine with increased excretion of HCO3- , Na+, K+ and water

24
Q

what type of drug is indinavir?

A

a protease inhibitor

25
Q

what is indinavir used to treat?

A

HIV

26
Q

what type of drug is cyclophosphamide?

A

an alkylating agent

27
Q

what type of drug is indomethacin?

A

NSAID

28
Q

what are the 8 main NSAIDS?

A 
diclofenac
celecoxib
mefenamic acid
etoricoxib
ibuprofen
high dose aspirin
naproxen 
indomethacin
29
Q

what is amphetamine used to treat?

A

ADHD and narcolepsy

30
Q

what type of drug is cyclophosphamide?

A

a nitrogen mustard- bifunctional alkylating agent

31
Q

what’s the difference between mono and bi-functional alkylating agents?

A

monofunctional alkylating agents crosslink only one strand of DNA and bifunctional alkylating agents cross-link two strands of DNA.

PHARMACOLOGY 2 (7 decks)

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