Blepharitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of eyelid margins.

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2
Q

Cause of blepharitis?

A

1) Dysfunction of the Meibomian glands (common)

2) Seborrhoeic dermatitis/staphylococcal infection (less common)

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3
Q

Blepharitis is also more common in patients with what condition?

A

Rosacea

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4
Q

Role of the meibomian glands?

A

Secrete oil onto the surface of the eye to prevent rapid evaporation of the tear film.

Any problem affecting the meibomian glands (as in blepharitis) can hence cause drying of the eyes which in turns leads to irritation.

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5
Q

Clinical features of blephritis?

A
  • gritty, itchy, dry sensation in eyes
  • usually bilateral
  • eyes may be sticky in the morning
  • eyelid margins may be red
  • can cause styes and chalazions
  • 2ary conjunctivitis may occur
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6
Q

What 2 eye conditions can blepharitis cause?

A

1) styes
2) chalazions

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of styes?

A

1) Hordeolum externum

2)Hordeolum internum

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8
Q

What is a hordeolum externum ?

A

An infection of the glands of Zeis or glands of Moll.

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9
Q

What are the glands of Moll?

A

sweat glands at the base of the eyelashes

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10
Q

What are the glands of Zeis?

A

sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes

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11
Q

What is a stye?

A

a tender red lump along the eyelid that may contain pus.

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12
Q

What is Hordeolum internum?

A

Infection of the Meibomian glands

They are deeper, tend to be more painful and may point inwards towards the eyeball underneath the eyelid.

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13
Q

Treatment of styes?

A

1) Hot compresses and analgesia

2) Abx considered if associated with conjunctivitis or if symptoms are persistent

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14
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

When a Meibomian gland becomes blocked and swells (Meibomian cyst).

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15
Q

How does a chalazion present?

A

It presents with a swelling in the eyelid that is typically not tender (however, it can be tender and red).

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16
Q

Treatment of a chalazion?

A

Treatment is with warm compresses and gentle massage towards the eyelashes (to encourage drainage).

Rarely, surgical drainage may be required.

17
Q

Mx of blepharitis?

A

1) softening of the lid margin using HOT compresses twice a day

2) ‘lid hygiene’ - mechanical removal of the debris from lid margins e.g. cotton wool buds dipped in a mixture of cooled boiled water and baby shampoo

3) artificial tears

18
Q

What is a chalazion (Meibomian cyst)?

A

A retention cyst of the Meibomian gland.

19
Q

How does a chalazion present?

A

Painless lump in the eyelid

20
Q

Clinical features of a chalazion?

A

1) Palpable nodule: firm, non-tender swelling in upper or lower eyelid

2) Eyelid erythema

3) Induration

4) Absence of pain

5) Eyelid oedema

6) Ptosis

21
Q

Meibomian cyst vs hordeolum (stye)?

A

A stye is an acute bacterial infection involving either external (gland of Zeis) or internal (meibomian gland) structures.

A stye is PAINFUL.

22
Q

Complications of a chalzion?

A

1) Superimposed infection

2) Eyelid cellulitis

3) Spontaneous rupture

23
Q

Mx of a stye?

A

Hot compress & analgesia

Topical Abx if associated conjunctivitis

24
Q
A