Bleeding

Question 1

First aid response for minor bleeding?

Answer 1

→ Apply pressure with a dressing for about 30 seconds
→ Clean the wound
Cover with sterile or clean dressing

Question 2

First aid response for serious external bleeding?

Answer 2

RIDE
→ Rest = Keep the body part where bleeding is occurring still as it may potentially increase bleeding if not
→ Immobilise = immobilise the bleeding part and restrict movement
Direct Pressure = Use absorbent material ideally a dressing such as sterile gauze if not a clean towel a piece of clothing or even just their hand. A pressure bandage can be used to maintain the pressure by wrapping it firmly around the wound and dressing

Question 3

what does rid stand for

Answer 3

rest, immobilise, direct pressure

Question 4

First aid response for embedded object bleeding?

Answer 4

→ Never remove the object
→ A donut bandage should be applied around the object
→ Use a roller bandage to firmly wrap around the donut bandage to keep in place and keep firm pleasure around the object to prevent bleeding
→ Seek medical aid

Question 5

First aid response for incision?

Answer 5

→ Should be thoroughly cleaned
→ Apply RID
Seek medical attention for deep incisions

Question 6

What are the signs of internal bleeding?

Answer 6

○ Bruised, swollen, tender or rigid abdomen
○ Blood in vomit
Wounds that have penetrated the chest or abdomen

Question 7

First aid response for internal bleeding?

Answer 7

→ If the internal bleeding is minor with a brose cold packs can be applied to the area to reduce swelling and relieve pain
If suspected to be more severe carefully monitor the casualty and call 000

Question 8

First aid response to head/ skull bleeding:

Answer 8

→ If they have sustained a significant head injury then internal bleeding into the brain should be considered
→ If they complain of headache, or seems confused, disorientated or loses conciseness after injury call 000
→ If casualty is bleeding from head after trauma first aider should not apply firm direct pressure on wound if there is a risk of a skull fracture
→ If skull feels spongy indirect pressure can be applied by wrapping that bandage around the head with minimal risk of causing brain injury by pushing fractured skill into the brain

Question 9

First aid response to head/ skull suspected internal bleeding:

Answer 9

○ If suspected concussion, bleeding inside or skull fracture they should be placed in a dark room with head and shoulders raised on a pillow this minimise risk of fainting
○ Try not to move them unnecessarily and avoid moving their neck call 000
○ If skull fracture isn’t suspected place firm direct pressure with sterile dressing
○ If it feels spongy don’t apply pleasure
Seek medical aid and watch for change

Question 10

What’s the treatment for bleeding ear?

Answer 10

→ If they’re conscious ask them to get comfortable sitting up preferred and lean towards the injured side with effected ear facing towards floor
→ Place absorbent cloth underneath to collect the blood
→ If casualty is unconscious follow DRS ABCD if breathing place them in recovery effected ear facing down
Call 000 and don’t leave them unattended

Question 11

whats a bleeding ear a sign of?

Answer 11

internal bleeding

Question 12

treatment for noise bleed:

Answer 12

○ Ask them to sit down with head tilted forwards
○ Ask them to pinch the soft part of their nose while keeping head tilted forward this allows it to clot
○ Should breath through their mouth and avoid speaking, swallowing and coughing, spitting or sniffing. This might disturb the blood clot
○ Cold compressions applied to the back of neck can also assist in reducing bleeding
○ If it continues for over 20 mins seek immediate medical help

Question 13

What is an amputation complete?

Answer 13

The removal of any part of the body either by surgery, disease or tramatic event

Question 14

What’s the First aid response (complete) for amputation

Answer 14

→ Control the bleeding and looking after casualty, finding the amputated part and transporting to the hospital or calling 000
→ Lay the casualty down
→ Apply direct pressure using sterile gauze or clean cloth hold for at least 15 min
→ Immobilise the bleeding part and restrict movement
If the bandage is soaked through with blood apply another on top and continue direct pressure

Question 15

What’s the First aid Amputated parts (Partial) for amputation

Answer 15

→ Wrap or cover the injured area with a sterile dressing or clean cloth
→ Apply direct pleasure to reduce bleeding
→ Remember not to cut off blood flow to the area by compressing the area too tightly
→ Gently splint the injured are to prevent movement further
Call 000 or transport them to medical assistance

Question 16

What are the ANZCOR Guidelines for life threatening bleeding

Answer 16

○ Amputated or partially amputated limb above wrist or ankle
○ Shark attack, propeller cuts or similar major trauma
○ Bleeding not controlled by local pleasure
○ Bleeding with signs of shock eg. Pale and sweary, plus pulse rate >100 or decreased levels of consciousness
○ Controlling the bleeding takes priority over air way and breathing interventions
○ Is available use standard precautions
○ If bleeding from a limb and not controlled by pressure apply an arterial tourniquet above bleeding point
○ If wound site is not suitable for tourniquet or from a limb when a tourniquet is not available or had failed to stop bleeding, apply haemostatic dressing
For the majority of non life threatening cases follow DRSABCD where control of bleeding follows establishing airways commencing CPR if required

Question 17

how to apply a Arterial Tourniquet?

Answer 17

○ A tourniquet shouldn’t be applied over a joint or wound and must not be covered up by any bandage or clothing
○ Arterial Tourniquet should only be used in life threatening bleeding from limb where bleeding can’t be controlled with direct pressure
○ Commercially manufactured windlass tourniquets such as those based on military tourniquet
○ Effective use of commercial tourniquets is optimal when first aid providers are trained in proper application techniques
Should be applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (or 5cm above the bleeding point if no instructions) and tighten until bleeding stops

Question 18

what to do if the Arterial Tourniquet doesn’t stop the bleeding?

Answer 18

○ If bleeding doesn’t stop its position and application must be checked
○ If bleeding continues a second tourniquet should be applied preferably above the first if available
○ If it’s failed consider using a haemostatic dressing in conjunction
○ The time the tourniquet was applied needs to be provided to paramedic
Once applied casualty requires urgent transfer to hospital

Question 19

What’s a Haemostatic Dressing?

Answer 19

○ These dressings a impregnated with agents that help stop bleeding
○ When available and the first aide provider is trained in their use they are the most value in the following stations
→ sever, life threatening bleeding from a limb not controlled by wound pressure, from a sight not suitable for tourniquet use
→ Sever bleeding from the limb not controlled by wound pressure when using tourniquet alone has not stopped the bleeding or tourniquet isn’t available
They must be applied as clos as possible to the bleeding point held against the wound using local pressure then held in place with the application of a bandage.