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Block 4 Week 1 Meg > Blake: Pain > Flashcards

Blake: Pain Flashcards

1
Q

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

A

Pain

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2
Q

Four forms of etiology-based pain

A

nociceptive
neuropathic
cancer
psychogenic

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3
Q

Two types of nociceptive pain

A

somatic pain

visceral pain

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4
Q

Pain arising from bone, muscle, ligament, subcutaneous tissue, or skin. (e.g. ankle sprain, arthritis)

A

somatic pain

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5
Q

Pain arising from organs such as lung, liver, bowel, etc. (Nociceptive pain; e.g. cholecystitis, nephrolithiasis)

A

visceral pain

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6
Q

Pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system (e.g. radiculopathy, CRPS)

A

neuropathic pain

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7
Q

Both nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Common in cancer related pain. (e.g. chest wall pain from lung cancer)

A

mixed pain

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8
Q

What are some pain assessment scales?

A

verbal pain intensity scale
0-10 numeric pain intensity scale
visual analog scale
faces scale

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9
Q

Total number of cases of low back pain excluding back pain (what?)

A

1, 765,000

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10
Q

Components of comprehensive treatment plan

  • biological approaches
  • psychological intervention
  • social/rehabilitative issues
A
  • pharm/nonpharm therapies
  • mood disturbances, coping skills, sleep disturbances
  • family/social relations, work issues, physical rehabilitation
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11
Q

What does “noci” mean?

A

to injure, hurt, harm, harmful

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12
Q

Sensory receptor that responds to noxious stimuli

When active or activated, can contribute to the experience of pain

A

nociceptor

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13
Q

Pain fibers - usually unmyelinated axons and small cell body diameters

A

C fibers and A gamma fibers

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14
Q

An important receptor in pain research - activated by Capsaicin, which is contained in chili peppers.

A

TRPV1

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15
Q

What’s hyperalgesia?

A

heightened sense of pain to noxious stimuli (moves stimulus intensity curve to the left)

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16
Q

What’s allodynia?

A

pain resulting from normally painless stimuli

17
Q

Predominant location of excitatory neuropeptide input from primary afferent neurons

A

lamina I and II

18
Q

What is lamina II?

A

substantia gelatinosa

19
Q

Spinomesencephalic neurons target the midbrain and the (blank) - very important in the regulation of nociception

A

periaqueductal grey (PAG)

20
Q

Located in the midbrain – key structure in relaying descending pain modulation via RVM nuclei

A

periaquaductal grey matter

21
Q

Portion of the diencephalon to which all (but olfactory) sensory systems send signals

A

thalamus

22
Q

All sensory systems send signals to the thalamus, and they are directed to the specific cortical representation areas. What are the two pain systems associated with the thalamus?

A

lateral and medial pain systems

23
Q

Two portions of the cerebrum

A

sensory cortex

limbic system

24
Q

Activation of Aβ fibers (Large diameter afferents) produces an inhibitory effect on the processing of signals from Aδ and C-fibers
E.g. Rubbing or massaging injured parts of body in order to achieve pain relief

A

Gate Control Theory

25
Q

the idea that physical pain is not a direct result of activation of pain receptor neurons, but rather its perception is modulated by interaction between different neurons

A

Gate Control Theory

26
Q

Phenomenon whereby repeated electrical C-fiber activation leads to a sequential increase in the number of action potentials evoked by each stimulus

A

Wind up

27
Q

Portion of the midbrain that represents a site that provides descending influences on spinal processing

A

periaquaductal grey (PAG)

28
Q

Excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters that act on ligand-activated ion channels

A

glutamate

aspartate

29
Q

Excitatory amino acid activated ion channels

A

AMPA

NMDA

30
Q

Responsible for “fast” nociceptive transmission

A

AMPA

31
Q

Responsible for sustained depolarization

A

NDMA

32
Q

2 phenomena linked to NMDA receptor activation

A

“Wind-Up” – increasing 2nd order neuron responses to repeated stimuli of equal intensity
“Central sensitization” – decreased thresholds for response and/or increased vigor of responses

33
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters via channel activation/2nd messenger system

A

CGRP

Substance P

34
Q

effects related to peripheral vasodilation (migraines?)

Augments nociception

A

CGRP

35
Q

co-released with glutamate; modifies the gain

Also important in neurogenic inflammation, where it is released from peripheral axons and produces local tissue effects

A

Substance P

36
Q

Neurotransmitters from interneurons

A

Inhibitory amino acids (IAA’s): GABA
Glycine
Opioids
Acetylcholine

37
Q

Neurotransmitters from supraspinal sources

A

serotonin: 5HT receptor of relevance to pain
norepinephrine: alpha 1 or 2 receptors

Block 4 Week 1 Meg (13 decks)

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