Bladder cancer Flashcards
1
Q
Risk factors (5) of bladder cancer
A
Smoking
Increasing age
Aromatic hydrocarbon - aniline
Schistosomiasis infection
Drugs - cyclophosphamide
Previous radiation to the pelvis.
2
Q
Investigation of bladder cancers
A
- Flexible cystoscopy
- TURBT + biopsy
- Rectal Exam
- Urine dipstick
- Urine cystology.
3
Q
Drugs used in the treatment of bladder cancers
A
Mitomycin - chemotherapy
BCG - immunotherapy, Intravesical, non-invasive bladder.
4
Q
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer TX
A
Stage 0a, cis, 1 tumours
^ TURBT + BCG
5
Q
Muscle invasive bladder cancers TX
A
- Radical cystectomy
- Urinary diversion therapy - ileal conduit or neo bladder.
