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OTC I > Bites and Stings > Flashcards

Bites and Stings Flashcards

1
Q

% of people whit systemic reactions to stings

A

0.5%
-more people die from stings than from bites

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2
Q

What attracts mosquitos

A

Presence of water

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3
Q

What are diseases transmitted by mosquitoes?

A

West Nile virus
Malaria

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4
Q

What is the West Nils Virus and where is it commonly found

A

-Part of Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of viruses

-Found in tropical and temperate climates

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5
Q

How is the West Nile virus spread, and what is the most common host

A

-Spread by mosquitoes

-birds are mostly infected but there is a variety of hosts

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6
Q

How do mosquitoes attack humans?

A

Cuts through the skin and inserts the proboscis to probe for a vessel

-can cut through clothes, but usually on open skin

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7
Q

What causes itching and the bump after exposure to mosquitoes?

A

mosquitoes inject anticoagulant and antigenics

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8
Q

What are Signs and Symptoms for the West Nile virus

A

-Fever, fatigue
-Muscle weakness
-Encephalitis, Meningitis
-no vaccine

-people >50 years at greater risk for serious illness

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9
Q

Where are fleas found?

A

-Tiny (1.5 to 4 mm long), bloodsucking, wingless
-Found worldwide including arctic regions, Breed best in humid climates

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10
Q

What attracts fleas?

A

Body warmth and exhaled CO2

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11
Q

Which diseases are transmitted through fleas?

A

-bubonic plague
-endemic typhus

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12
Q

How long can fleas survive without eating?

A

Can live for weeks without eating
-Females need a blood meal to lay eggs

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13
Q

Where are bites usually located on the body?
Common symptom?

A

-Bites are usually multiple and grouped
-Legs, ankles, feet
-Itching

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14
Q

What is the consequence of sting from Scrabies

A

Called: The Itch
Skin infection, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei (arachnid mite)
transmitted through direct contact

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15
Q

What causes skin infections from Scrabies bites

A

-Females burrow into the stratum corneum -> making a tunnel to lay eggs and excrete

-the skin of fingers, male genitalia, wrists, buttocks

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16
Q

Characteristics of Scrabies infection

A

-intense itching secondary to immune response

-Requires prescribed medication -> refer

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17
Q

Which other insects are confused with Mites (Scabies)?

A

lice or chiggers

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18
Q

How do Bed bugs suck blood out of the skin?

A

The mouth has 2 parts
-to open the skin
-to suck out the blood

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19
Q

How long can Bed bugs survive without food?

A

6 months without feeding
-can feed in 3-5 minutes then go hide

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20
Q

Where are eggs of bed bugs found?

Activity time of bed bugs

A

-walls, floors, bedding and furniture

-active at night, are light sensitive

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21
Q

What does a wound caused by bed bugs look like?

A

-depends on the sensitivity of the individual
-small irritation at the site of the bite or can be a small dermal hemorrhage

22
Q

What are diseases transmitted through Bed bugs?

A

Possibly Hep B

23
Q

How are ticks different from insects?

A

They are arachnoids

24
Q

How do Ticks attack humans?

A

Burrow mouth parts into the skin
-> careful not to tear away mouth from tick when tick is remove
-Remove with fine tweezers, must wear gloves if removed with fingers

-Feed on the blood of humans, wild and domesticated animals

25
Diseases transmitted by Ticks?
-Rocky Mountain spotted fever -Lyme disease
26
How long may Ticks stay attached?
up to 10 days
27
What not to use for tick bites
Mineral oils, petroleum can lead risk of Salivation -> Infection
28
How to treat Tick bites?
-Refer -> Doxycycline (antibiotic) -can cause neurological symptoms
29
Symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
-Wood ticks and dog ticks -Severe HA, rash, high fever, extreme exhaustion (very bad flu + rash) - Appear 3-12 days after a bite
30
Symptoms of Lyme disease
transmitted by deer ticks -Inflammatory infection: heart, joints, nervous system -Rash and Flu-like symptoms -Papule at first like a bull’s eye -> after 32 days hive-like lesion
31
Lyme disease complications
-Neurological symptoms -Cardiac disturbances -Musculoskeletal symptoms -Arthritis -Red discoloration of the skin
32
How Chiggers attack humans?
aka Redbugs Inject their mouthpart into skin and secrete digestive fluid that causes cellular disintegration -Fluid causes the skin to harden and a tube is formed -The larvae stay in the hole until engorged then drops off and changes into an adul
33
Spider
-all species are poisonous but not all bite -60 species in the US -spider bites are not likely -bite must be monitored -> REFER
34
Which spider bites cause severe reactions?
Black Widow and Brown Recluse
35
Symptoms of spider bites
Serious reactions: -Stiffness -Delayed intense pain -Fever -Chill
36
Complication
Bacterial infection from scratching the skin -> Impertigo (contagious skin infection)
37
Assessment of Bite
Where is it? How many bites? Follow-up should occur after 7 days Seek medical attention: Spider bites, Scabies and Tick bites
38
Treat Bites
-ICE -OTC products for minor bites: (not for <2y) ->analgesics -avoid scratching, trim nails
39
Local anesthetics
-Benzocaine, pramoxine, benzyl alcohol, lidocaine, dibucaine, and phenol -MOA: reversible blockade of nerve impulses; Phenol depresses cutaneous sensory receptors -up to 3-4x a day no more than 7 days
40
What are possible reactions to local anesthetics?
-Contact dermatitis -Phenol concentrations >2% can cause sloughing/necrosis of the skin
41
Topical antihistamines
-Diphenhydramine 0.5-2% concentrations -MOA: Depresses cutaneous receptors that cause itching and pain, 3-4 times/day for 7 days -Longer use can cause Contact dermatitis
42
Counterirritants
Causes more nerve stimulation (distractive from main pain) ->Produces a less severe pain to counter the intense one - Mild inflammation reaction -Camphor 0.1-3% -Menthol 0.1-1%
43
Hydrocortisone
OTC: up to 1% -antipruritic and anti-inflammatory properties -> Relief in itching and pain -increased absorption with occlusive clothing and when applied to open and inflamed wounds -thin skin (elderly), -more vascular skin, or unique BSA (pediatrics)
44
Side effects of Hydrocortisone
Prolonged administration: epidermal atrophy, folliculitis, cracking -but usually not a problem bc of low potency
45
Skin Protectants
-Zinc oxide, Calamine, titanium dioxide -adsorb fluid oozing lesion -all ages
46
Stings
-Bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets; Fire ants health hazard -Reaction is usually due to allergic hypersensitivity and not toxicity from the venom -> carry Epinephrine and Benadryl -Anaphylactic reaction within 5-30 minutes
47
Sting treatment
-Removal of stinger -Apply ICE -Meat tenderizer to break down the venom -Ammonia and baking soda to “neutralize”
48
Sting Avoidance
-Avoid Perfume -Avoid Brightly colored clothes -> don't smell and look like a flower -control trash -destroy nests
49
Emergency treatment
Epinephrine IM injection a1, ß1 , and ß2 agonist -a1 activation causes vasoconstriction to increase BP -ß-agonists result in dilation of the bronchial tree
50
How should Epinehprine be stored?
They are temperature and light sensitive, look for expiration date
51
Prevention from insects
DEET – n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (does not kill insects, just repels) -Concentration <30% are ok for children -not for children younger than 2 months Citronella Lemon eucalyptus oil Soybean oil Cedar oil Lavender oil Garlic

OTC I (14 decks)

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