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OTC I > Bites and Stings > Flashcards

Bites and Stings Flashcards

1
Q

% of people whit systemic reactions to stings

A

0.5%
-more people die from stings than from bites

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2
Q

What attracts mosquitos

A

Presence of water

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3
Q

What are diseases transmitted by mosquitoes?

A

West Nile virus
Malaria

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4
Q

What is the West Nils Virus and where is it commonly found

A

-Part of Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of viruses

-Found in tropical and temperate climates

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5
Q

How is the West Nile virus spread, and what is the most common host

A

-Spread by mosquitoes

-birds are mostly infected but there is a variety of hosts

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6
Q

How do mosquitoes attack humans?

A

Cuts through the skin and inserts the proboscis to probe for a vessel

-can cut through clothes, but usually on open skin

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7
Q

What causes itching and the bump after exposure to mosquitoes?

A

mosquitoes inject anticoagulant and antigenics

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8
Q

What are Signs and Symptoms for the West Nile virus

A

-Fever, fatigue
-Muscle weakness
-Encephalitis, Meningitis
-no vaccine

-people >50 years at greater risk for serious illness

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9
Q

Where are fleas found?

A

-Tiny (1.5 to 4 mm long), bloodsucking, wingless
-Found worldwide including arctic regions, Breed best in humid climates

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10
Q

What attracts fleas?

A

Body warmth and exhaled CO2

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11
Q

Which diseases are transmitted through fleas?

A

-bubonic plague
-endemic typhus

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12
Q

How long can fleas survive without eating?

A

Can live for weeks without eating
-Females need a blood meal to lay eggs

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13
Q

Where are bites usually located on the body?
Common symptom?

A

-Bites are usually multiple and grouped
-Legs, ankles, feet
-Itching

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14
Q

What is the consequence of sting from Scrabies

A

Called: The Itch
Skin infection, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei (arachnid mite)
transmitted through direct contact

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15
Q

What causes skin infections from Scrabies bites

A

-Females burrow into the stratum corneum -> making a tunnel to lay eggs and excrete

-the skin of fingers, male genitalia, wrists, buttocks

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16
Q

Characteristics of Scrabies infection

A

-intense itching secondary to immune response

-Requires prescribed medication -> refer

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17
Q

Which other insects are confused with Mites (Scabies)?

A

lice or chiggers

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18
Q

How do Bed bugs suck blood out of the skin?

A

The mouth has 2 parts
-to open the skin
-to suck out the blood

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19
Q

How long can Bed bugs survive without food?

A

6 months without feeding
-can feed in 3-5 minutes then go hide

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20
Q

Where are eggs of bed bugs found?

Activity time of bed bugs

A

-walls, floors, bedding and furniture

-active at night, are light sensitive

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21
Q

What does a wound caused by bed bugs look like?

A

-depends on the sensitivity of the individual
-small irritation at the site of the bite or can be a small dermal hemorrhage

22
Q

What are diseases transmitted through Bed bugs?

A

Possibly Hep B

23
Q

How are ticks different from insects?

A

They are arachnoids

24
Q

How do Ticks attack humans?

A

Burrow mouth parts into the skin
-> careful not to tear away mouth from tick when tick is remove
-Remove with fine tweezers, must wear gloves if removed with fingers

-Feed on the blood of humans, wild and domesticated animals

25
Q

Diseases transmitted by Ticks?

A

-Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-Lyme disease

26
Q

How long may Ticks stay attached?

A

up to 10 days

27
Q

What not to use for tick bites

A

Mineral oils, petroleum can lead risk of Salivation -> Infection

28
Q

How to treat Tick bites?

A

-Refer -> Doxycycline (antibiotic)
-can cause neurological symptoms

29
Q

Symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

A

-Wood ticks and dog ticks
-Severe HA, rash, high fever, extreme exhaustion (very bad flu + rash)
- Appear 3-12 days after a bite

30
Q

Symptoms of Lyme disease

A

transmitted by deer ticks
-Inflammatory infection: heart, joints, nervous system
-Rash and Flu-like symptoms
-Papule at first like a bull’s eye -> after 32 days hive-like lesion

31
Q

Lyme disease complications

A

-Neurological symptoms
-Cardiac disturbances
-Musculoskeletal symptoms
-Arthritis
-Red discoloration of the skin

32
Q

How Chiggers attack humans?

A

aka Redbugs
Inject their mouthpart into skin and secrete digestive fluid that causes cellular disintegration
-Fluid causes the skin to harden and a tube is formed
-The larvae stay in the hole until engorged then
drops off and changes into an adul

33
Q

Spider

A

-all species are poisonous but not all bite
-60 species in the US
-spider bites are not likely

-bite must be monitored -> REFER

34
Q

Which spider bites cause severe reactions?

A

Black Widow and Brown Recluse

35
Q

Symptoms of spider bites

A

Serious reactions:
-Stiffness
-Delayed intense pain
-Fever
-Chill

36
Q

Complication

A

Bacterial infection from scratching the skin -> Impertigo (contagious skin infection)

37
Q

Assessment of Bite

A

Where is it? How many bites?
Follow-up should occur after 7 days
Seek medical attention: Spider bites, Scabies and Tick bites

38
Q

Treat Bites

A

-ICE
-OTC products for minor bites: (not for <2y)
->analgesics
-avoid scratching, trim nails

39
Q

Local anesthetics

A

-Benzocaine, pramoxine, benzyl alcohol, lidocaine,
dibucaine, and phenol
-MOA: reversible blockade of nerve impulses; Phenol depresses cutaneous sensory receptors

-up to 3-4x a day no more than 7 days

40
Q

What are possible reactions to local anesthetics?

A

-Contact dermatitis
-Phenol concentrations >2% can cause sloughing/necrosis of the skin

41
Q

Topical antihistamines

A

-Diphenhydramine 0.5-2% concentrations

-MOA: Depresses cutaneous receptors that cause itching and pain,
3-4 times/day for 7 days

-Longer use can cause Contact dermatitis

42
Q

Counterirritants

A

Causes more nerve stimulation (distractive from main pain)
->Produces a less severe pain to counter the intense one
- Mild inflammation reaction

-Camphor 0.1-3%
-Menthol 0.1-1%

43
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

OTC: up to 1%
-antipruritic and anti-inflammatory properties
-> Relief in itching and pain

-increased absorption with occlusive clothing and when applied to open and inflamed wounds
-thin skin (elderly),
-more vascular skin, or unique BSA (pediatrics)

44
Q

Side effects of Hydrocortisone

A

Prolonged administration: epidermal atrophy, folliculitis, cracking
-but usually not a problem bc of low potency

45
Q

Skin Protectants

A

-Zinc oxide, Calamine, titanium dioxide

-adsorb fluid oozing lesion
-all ages

46
Q

Stings

A

-Bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets; Fire ants health hazard
-Reaction is usually due to allergic hypersensitivity and not toxicity from the venom -> carry Epinephrine and Benadryl
-Anaphylactic reaction within 5-30 minutes

47
Q

Sting treatment

A

-Removal of stinger
-Apply ICE
-Meat tenderizer to break down the venom
-Ammonia and baking soda to “neutralize”

48
Q

Sting Avoidance

A

-Avoid Perfume
-Avoid Brightly colored clothes -> don’t smell and look like a flower

-control trash
-destroy nests

49
Q

Emergency treatment

A

Epinephrine IM injection
a1, ß1 , and ß2 agonist
-a1 activation causes vasoconstriction to
increase BP
-ß-agonists result in dilation of the bronchial tree

50
Q

How should Epinehprine be stored?

A

They are temperature and light sensitive, look for expiration date

51
Q

Prevention from insects

A

DEET – n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (does not kill insects, just repels)
-Concentration <30% are ok for children
-not for children younger than 2 months

Citronella
Lemon eucalyptus oil
Soybean oil
Cedar oil
Lavender oil
Garlic

OTC I (14 decks)

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