Birthing Flashcards
breech patho
Breech presentation refers to the fetus in the longitudinal lie with the buttocks or lower extremity entering the pelvis first. The three types of breech presentation include frank breech, complete breech, and incomplete breech. In a frank breech, the fetus has flexion of both hips, and the legs are straight with the feet near the fetal face, in a pike position. The complete breech has the fetus sitting with flexion of both hips and both legs in a tuck position. Finally, the incomplete breech can have any combination of one or both hips extended, also known as footling Breech presentation occurs in 3% to 4% of all term pregnancies. A higher percentage of breech presentations occurs with less advanced gestational age. At 32 weeks, 7% of fetuses are breech, and 28 weeks or less, 25% are breech.
breech treat
push between contractions, twist between rest, should first , support baby , smlly veet to getheap pout, oxytocin and fondal massage at rest, wait for placenta to birth to check if complete or
if only foot stuck straight to hospital , code 3 no walking
what is shoulder dystocia and treat
shoulder is stuck above the pelvis ,turtling of head without movement ,slow delivery of face , mcroberts, gaskins supra pubic pressure , lung , mcroberts and gaskin rotation all between contractions
MAX OF 30 SECONDS
Etopic pregancy
In a few cases an ectopic pregnancy causes no noticeable symptoms and is only detected during routine pregnancy testing. However, most women do have symptoms and these usually become apparent between week 4 and week 12 of pregnancy. shoulder tip pain, bowel pain, vaginal bleeding.An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilised egg implants itself outside the womb. It most commonly occurs in a fallopian tube (this is known as a tubal pregnancy), often as the result of damage to the fallopian tube or the tube not working properly.
neonate resus
time of birth tactile stimulation is heart rate over 100 and gasping/ anpoe present stiif neck under baby IPPV for 30 seconds Hr under 100 perform 30 IPPV under 60 perform 30 IPPV 60-100 continue IPPV 30 secs 3 cmpressions to breath for 30 seconds ventilation is key tap hr om table perform APGAR 1 min every 5 min resus or not SPO2 target of 60-70 after 1 min and 70-90 after 3 minutes
PPH
The Four T’s mnemonic can be used to identify and address the four most common causes of postpartum hemorrhage (uterine atony [Tone]; laceration, hematoma, inversion, rupture [Trauma]; retained tissue or invasive placenta [Tissue]; and coagulopathy [Thrombin]).
primary is first 24 hours and secondary is after normal is 500-1L mild- 1-1.5L 90-80 sys moderate - 1.5- 2L 80-70 sys pallor severe 2L-3L 50-70 sys
APH
Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or in to the genital tract, occurring from 24+0
weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. The most important causes of APH are placenta praevia
and placental abruption, although these are not the most common. APH complicates 3–5% of pregnancies
risk factors- hx of previa, smoking, C section past, age, multiparty
previa- the placenta is in the ower part of the uterus, often painless
abruption- separation wall of the uterus , often leads to build up and pain
trauma -
pregnancy in abdominal injuries
lay left lateral, advoid walking, gynocolgy card , g for grow and P for push , blood colour, how weeks gestation , high blood pressure , contractions
pre eclampsia and eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia is a condition that affects some pregnant women usually during the second half of pregnancy (from around 20 weeks) or immediately after delivery of their baby.Women with pre-eclampsia have high blood pressure, fluid retention (oedema) and protein in the urine (proteinuria). If it’s not treated, it can lead to serious complications and in one to two per cent of cases can be life threatening. In the unborn baby, pre-eclampsia can cause growth problems.
pre clampsia patho
Diffuse or multifocal vasospasm can result in maternal ischemia, eventually damaging multiple organs, particularly the brain, kidneys, and liver. Factors that may contribute to vasospasm include decreased prostacyclin (an endothelium-derived vasodilator), increased endothelin (an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor), seizures mean eclampsaia
C U P S
C- no airway, brething or circulation
U- compromised systems or aloc
P- normal systems and aloc but mechanisms is complex
S- stable
ECOLOGY
E- estimated birth C- contarctions time and duration O- obestrics card, P, G , complications L- loss of blood O- Observations, age, weight G- gynacology hx Y- use of drugs
feotal hr means
Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring keeps track of your baby’s heart rate and helps determine the strength and duration of your contractions.The main purpose of fetal heart rate monitoring is to alert us if your baby is not getting enough oxygen. A baby’s heart rate during labor should be between 110 and 160 beats per minute, but it may fluctuate above or below this rate for a variety of reasons.
what is deaccelarations
Early decelerations can happen when the baby’s head is compressed. This often happens during later stages of labor as the baby is descending through the birth canal. They may also occur during early labor if the baby is premature or in a breech position. This causes the uterus to squeeze the head during contractions. Early decelerations are generally not harmful.
Late decelerations don’t begin until the peak of a contraction or after the uterine contraction is finished. They’re smooth, shallow dips in heart rate that mirror the shape of the contraction that’s causing them. Sometimes there is no cause for concern with late decelerations, as long as the baby’s heart rate also shows accelerations (this is known as variability).
Variable decelerations are irregular, often jagged dips in the foetal heart rate that look more dramatic than late decelerations. Variable decelerations happen when the baby’s umbilical cord is temporarily compressed. This happens during most labors. The baby depends on steady blood flow through the umbilical cord to receive oxygen and other important nutrients. It can be a sign that the baby’s blood flow is reduced if variable decelerations happen over and over. Such a pattern can be harmful to the baby.
age calculations
16-6 age x3 +7
6- 1 age x2 +8
under 1 is 0.5x months + 4
