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Exotic Animal Nursing > Birds > Flashcards

Birds Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the two types of bird orders?

A

Psittaciformes and passeriformes

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1
Q

What is the class for birds?

A

Aves

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2
Q

What are three other orders?

A

Anseroformes
Falconiformes
Galliformes

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3
Q

What are anseroformes?

A

Ducts

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4
Q

What are falconiformes?

A

Falcons and eagles

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5
Q

What are galliformes?

A

Chickens and turkeys

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6
Q

Where can an IM injection be given in a bird?

A

In the keel bone, thigh, and pectoral muscles

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7
Q

Where can an SQ be given?

A

Inguinal and axillary areas

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8
Q

Where can blood be collected?

A

Medial metatarsal vein, jugular vein, basilic vein, toenail clipping or skin procl

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9
Q

Which jugular vein is bigger?

A

Right side

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10
Q

What is the coelomic cavity?

A

Only cavity, contains all organs

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11
Q

what is the crop?

A

Extension of esophagus where food sits for a while

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12
Q

What is bird waste made uf?

A

Small amounts of urea, mostly uric acid crystals

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13
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Space where reproductive tract, GI tract, and UI tract empty into

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14
Q

What are two morphological in psittaciformes?

A

Hooked maxilla and two digits forward and two back

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15
Q

What birds are considered psittacines?

A

Budgerigar, parakeet, cockatiel, parrot, lovebird, conure, macaw, cockatoo, and lorie

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16
Q

What are three characteristics of passeriformes?

A

3 forward digits, 1 hind toe, no hooked maxilla

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17
Q

What birds are included in passiformes

A

Canary, finch, minaw

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18
Q

What are three important components to a birds natural environment?

A

Open space for movement and exercise. Sensory stimulation. Access to a variety of foods

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19
Q

What are four components to a cage?

A

Must be large enough to provide full body extension. Cage material should be strong, non-toxic and easy to clean, metal bar width and spacing should be appropriate, should have pull out tray (daily)

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20
Q

What are four components or bird perches?

A

Should have variable diameter, made of non-toxic material, one or more necessary, place above cage floor away from food and water bowls

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21
Q

How many toys in a birds cage should be in there at one time?

A

1-2 and rotate

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22
Q

How much sleep do birds need a night?

A

12hrs

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23
Q

How often should birds be fed?

A

2 times a day

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24
Q

What is included in a birds diet?

A

Vitamins, minerals, energy

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25
Q

Where do birds get their energy?

A

From fat, CHO, and protien

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26
Q

Where do birds get their sources of fat?

A

Oil seeds: sunflower, safflower, peanuts

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27
Q

Where do birds get their carbs?

A

Non oil seeds: millet, canary seed, hulled oats
While grain bread
Monkey biscuits

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28
Q

Where do birds get their protiens?

A

Mature legumes: peas and beans
Hard cooked eggs
Cheese
Yogurt

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29
Q

Where so birds get their vitamins and minerals?

A

Fruits and vegtables

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30
Q

What will formulated diets do?

A

Incorporate all nutrients birds need into a pellet

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31
Q

What does a parrots food consist of?

A

80% pelleted food, 20% dark green and yellow vegies with fruits and seeds as treats

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32
Q

What is grit?

A

Non digestible little rocks and helps break down the food animals eat.

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33
Q

What is grit not recommended for?

A

Psittacines

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34
Q

What gland do birds use to groom their feathers?

A

The uropygial gland

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35
Q

What can you do to help improve feather appearance?

A

Mist/wet feather and clean with dawn

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36
Q

So birds have sweat glands?

A

Nope!

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37
Q

Where is the fleshy band around a birds nose called?

A

Cere

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38
Q

What are the five types of feathers?

A

Remiges, reticles, coverts, pin feathers, plume and semi plume feathers

39
Q

What are contour feathers?

A

Superficial feathers

40
Q

What are Remiges?

A

Long feathers on wings

41
Q

How many Remiges are there per wing?

A

20

42
Q

Which feathers are the flight feathers?

A

Primary feathers

43
Q

Which feathers are the primary Remiges?

A

Feathers 10-1 starting at distal end of wing

44
Q

What are reticles?

A

Long feathers on the tail

45
Q

What are coverts?

A

Small feathers covering the body

46
Q

What are pin feather?

A

Growing feathers

47
Q

What are plume and semi plume feathers?

A

Feathers under other feathers

48
Q

What is the rachis?

A

Shaft with the barbs

49
Q

What is the calamus?

A

Shaft without barbs

50
Q

What are barbeols?

A

Extension of small interlocking extensions from barbs

51
Q

When does molting occur?

A

At least once a year

52
Q

What can effect birds molting times?

A

Season, temp, and nutrition

53
Q

How long can molting last?

A

Can extend over a period of months

54
Q

How much does a birds metabolic rate increase when molting?

A

30%

55
Q

What is the sternum/keel bone?

A

Broad attachment point of flight muscles

56
Q

What bones are the wings made of?

A

Fused carpal metacarpal bones

57
Q

What bones are the legs made of?

A

Fused tibiotarsal and tarsometatarsal bones

58
Q

Does a bird have a pubic symphysis?

A

No

59
Q

What bones is the pelvis made of?

A

Fused lumbar and sacral vertebraesynsacrum

60
Q

Why do birds have air sacs?

A

It helps them extract oxygen more efficiently by getting oxygen while exhaling also

61
Q

Where are the vocal chords?

A

Located in syrinx

62
Q

Where is the syrinx?

A

Found just before celomic cavity

63
Q

What is the crop?

A

Dials toon of esophagus

64
Q

What are the two parts of a birds stomach?

A

Proventriculus and ventriculus

65
Q

What is the proventroculus?

A

Glandular stomach

66
Q

What is the proventroculus?

A

Gizzard, muscular stomach

67
Q

What is vitamin C?

A

Absorbing acid

68
Q

Why do birds produce unrates?

A

To preserve water

69
Q

Describe the birds kidney

A

Divided into three sections and excretes nitrogenous waste mostly as uric acid crystals

70
Q

What does the female birds reproductive organs include?

A

Only A left ovary and oviduct

71
Q

What is feather picking?

A

Chewing and plucking of its own feathers by a bird

72
Q

What are some causes of feather picking?

A

Preening in courtship or removing from brood patch. Allergies, psychological

73
Q

What can cause allergies in birds to make them start feather pickings?

A

Fungal or bacterial skin infections, parasites (external/internal) endocrine disease, liver disease, zinc toxicity

74
Q

What is bumble foot or pododermatitis?

A

Infection and inflammation of the skin on the foot caused by trauma

75
Q

What can cause bumble foot?

A

Sand paper perches, long toenails, vitamin A deficiency

76
Q

How can you prevent bumble foot?

A

Non abrasive perches of varying diameter and nutrition

77
Q

How do you treat bumble foot?

A

Bandaging

78
Q

What is knemidocoptic mange

A

Caused by scaley leg mites, causes dry scaling and crust formation on face, beak, vent, and legs

79
Q

How do you diagnose knemidocoptic?

A

Skin scraping

81
Q

How do you treat knemidocoptic?

A

Insecticidal dusts, ivermectin IM

82
Q

What can cause an overgrown beak?

A

malocclusion, malnutrition, or systemic disease

83
Q

what can hypocalcemia lead to?

A

stunted growth, deformed bones, bone fractures, and seizures in African grey parrots

84
Q

what can hypovitaminosis A lead to?

A

formation of white plaques on skin in and around mouth and eyes. recurrent ocular/respiratory infections

85
Q

what is non-stick cookware toxicosis?

A

teflon heated pans heated to >540F can cause pulmonary hemmorrage

86
Q

what can cause egg binding?

A

malnutrition, excessive egg production, malformed eggs, obiesity, lack of exercise, stress

87
Q

what bird disease is zoonotic?

A

chalmydiosis

88
Q

what causes chlamydiosis?

A

chlamidophila psittaci

89
Q

what are sighns of chlamydiosis?

A

anorexia, ruffled feathers, ocular/nasal discharge, diarrhea, can be asymptomatic

90
Q

how is chlamydiosis transmitted?

A

feather/fecal dust, respiratory secretions. inhaling or ingestion

91
Q

what can treat chlamydiosis?

A

doxycycline antibiotic treatment

92
Q

what is beak and feather disease?

A

viral disease that causes deformed feathers, overgrown/deformed beak, immunosuppression

93
Q

what is a distinguishing characteristic of beak and feather disease?

A

effects all feathers

94
Q

what tests can test for beak and feather disease?

A

blood abd serology test

95
Q

what can transmit beak and feather disease?

A

feather/fecal dust

96
Q

what are the signs of egg binding?

A

anorexia, depression, wide stance, straining, shock, death

97
Q

how do you treat egg binding?

A

calcium and Vit A and D injections. warm humid enbironment, parenteral fluids, prostoglandin, ovocentesis

Exotic Animal Nursing (12 decks)

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