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Mental Heath Exam 2 > Bipolar Disorders > Flashcards

Bipolar Disorders Flashcards

0
Q

Phases of Bipolar Disorder

A
  1. Acute
  2. Continuation
  3. Maintenance
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1
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A
  1. Bipolar disorders are mood disorders with recurrent epiodes of depression and mania.
  2. Usually emerge in late adolescens/early adulthood. Clinical manifestations can minic ADHD symptoms.
  3. Periods of normal functioning can alternalte with periods of illness
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2
Q

Acute phase

A
  1. Acute mania
  2. Hospitalization may be required
  3. Reduction of mania and client safety are the goals of treatment
  4. Risk of harm to self or others is determined
  5. 1:1 supervision may be indicated
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3
Q

Maintenance Phase

A
  1. Increased ability to function
  2. Treatment continues throughout lifetime
  3. Prevention of future manic episodes is the goal
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4
Q

Mania

A

Abnormally elevated mood, which may also be described as expansive or irritable; usually requires hospitalization.

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5
Q

Hypomania

A

a less sever episode of mania that lasts 4 days accompanied by 3-4 findings of mania. Hospitalization, is not required as the client is less impaired.

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6
Q

Mixed episode

A

A manic episode and an episode of major depression experienced by the client simultaneously. The client has marked impairment of functioning and may require admission to an acute care mental health facility.

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7
Q

Rapid Cycling

A
  1. 4 or more episodes of acute mania within 1 year, each lasting at least 2 weeks
  2. Episodes marked by partial or full remission for at least 2 months or a switch to an episode of opposite type.
  3. Associated with high risk of recurrence and resistance to conventional drug treatments.
  4. Greater severity of illness & prominent depressive symptoms
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8
Q

Bipolar 1 Disorder

A

The client has at least one episode of mania alternating with major depression.

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9
Q

Bipolar 2 disorder

A

The client has one or more hypomanic episodes alternating with major depressive episodes. No psychotic features does not impair functioning to a level that necessitates hospitalization.

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10
Q

Cyclothymia

A

The client has at least 2 years of repeated hypomanic manifestations that do not meet the criteria for hypomanic episodes alternating with minor depressive episodes.

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11
Q

Comorbidities associated with Bipolar Disorder

A
  1. Substance use disorder
  2. Anxiety disorders/ psychiatric illness
  3. Eating disorders
  4. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  5. Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, & respiratory diseases
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12
Q

Risk Factors for Bipolar Disorder

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Psychological, stressful events, major life changes
  3. Physiological- neurobiological and neuroendocrine disorders
  4. Substance use disorder
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13
Q

Relapse Triggers

A
  1. Use of Substances
  2. Sleep disturbances
  3. Psychological stressors
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14
Q

Manic characteristics:

A
  1. Grandiose view of self & abilities
  2. Impulsivity
  3. Restlessness
  4. Flight of Ideas
  5. Delusions & Hallucinations
  6. Denial of illness
  7. sleep disturbances
  8. speeding sprees
  9. hyper sexuality (typically females)
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15
Q

Depressive characteristics:

A
  1. Flat, blunted labile affect
  2. Tearfulness, crying
  3. Lack of energy
  4. Anhedonia
  5. discomfort, pain
  6. difficulty concentrating
  7. Decrease in personal hygiene
16
Q

Nursing actions:

A
  1. Prevent Self harm
  2. Decrease clients physical activity
  3. Ensure adequate fluid and food intake
  4. promote an adequate amount of sleep each night
  5. assist the client with self-care needs
  6. manage medication appropriately
17
Q

Average age of 1st manic episode:

A

18-20 years, earlier age of onset is associated with worse outcomes, including rapid cycling in adulthood.

18
Q

Associated risk of completed suicide & bipolar illness

A

15%

19
Q

Desired outcomes:

A
  1. Impulse self-control
  2. Aggression self-control
  3. Self-care status
  4. Social interaction skill
  5. Concentration
  6. Compliance behaviour
20
Q

Treatment settings:

A
  1. Acute Care
  2. Step-down programs
  3. Day treatment programs
  4. Community-based programs
21
Q

Antidepressant & Bipolar disorder

A

Usually not appropriate to give someone an antidepressant if pt. is bipolar-> Manic Episode

Mental Heath Exam 2 (12 decks)

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