Bipolar Disorder And Schizophrenia Flashcards
Name the drug most commonly used for bipolar disorder
Lithium
Name the anti-convulsant drugs used for bipolar disorder
Sodium valproate, and carbamazepine
Name the antipsychotic drugs used for bipolar disorder
Aripiprazole, Risperidone, and Clozapine
Name the typical antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Name the atypical antipsychotics
Olanzapine
Clozapine
Risperidone
Ziprasidone
Quetiapine
Aripiprazole
Paliperidone
Asenapine
Iloperidone
How does lithium manage bipolar disorder?
Thought to increase inhibitory neurotransmission via GABA and decrease excitatory neurotransmission via glutamate and dopamine.
What is thought to be the pathology of Schizophrenia?
The Mesocorticol pathway is hypodopaminergic leading to negative symptoms: affective flattening, avolition.
The Mesolimbic pathway is hyperdopaminergic leading to positive symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thoughts, speech and behaviour.
What is the mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics?
Blocking D2 receptors in the Mesolimbic pathway leads to antipsychotic benefit. Blockade of D2 receptors in Striatum leads to extra-pyramidal symptoms.
What is the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics?
Antagonism of D2 receptors reduced compared to typical compounds - has “hit and run” antagonism. Leads to lest extrapyramidal side effects.
It is more effective against positive and negative effects of schizophrenia.
What are common side effects of typical antipsychotics?
Extra pyramidal symptoms: shuffling gait, tremor at rest, rigidity, stooped posture.
Hyperprolactinemia in pituitary gland -> acute dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, breast tissue development.
What are common side effects of atypical antipsychotics?
Increased food intake, dyslipidaemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
