Biotechnology Century Flashcards
Selective breeding
Mating organisms with desired features to produce offspring with the same characteristics
Biotechnology
The science of using living organisms and their products to make materials or solve problems for human benefit
Fermentation
Metabolic process in absence of oxygen producing byproducts including ethanol, CO2 and lactic acid
Antibiotics
Substances produced by microorganisms that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms
Batch processes
Growing microorganisms in large quantities to isolate useful products
Homeostasis
Maintaining a constant physiological state
Advantages of fast-acting insulin
- hexamers are destabilised
- active monomeric insulin is available almost immediately
Advantages of slow-acting insulin
- Less soluble at pH 7
- Remains at injection site and slowly resuspends
- active monomeric insulin becomes soluble and available over a long period of time
What did TH Morgan discover?
Genetic traits are located at positions in chromosomes
Transposable elements
DNA sequences which can change position within the genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell’s genome size
Hybrid vigour
The increased productivity displayed by offspring form genetically different parents
The diversity of the Ebola virion is due to
- long cylinders
- variable length
- multiple genome copies packaged
- flexible virion structure to avoid breaking RNA
