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Biology > Biotechnology > Flashcards

Biotechnology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Biotechnology.

A
  • Biotechnology is using living things, like bacteria or cells, to make helpful products or solve problems
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2
Q

How is Yeast used?

A

This can be used in bread-making to make the dough rise as tiny bubbles of carbon dioxide form

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3
Q

Define Genetic Modification

A
  • Genetic Modification is changing the DNA of living things, like plants or animals, to make them have specific traits or do certain things.
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4
Q

Why are bacteria useful in Biotech and Genetic mod?

A

They are useful due to:

  • Rapid reproduction rate
  • Ability to make complex molecules
  • Few ethical concerns over their manipulation and growth
  • Presence of Plasmids
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5
Q

What’s a plasmid?

A

A small circular piece of DNA that can be easily manipulated in the lab to add or modify specific genes making it simpler to create desired traits.

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6
Q

Provide some examples of products made with biotech.

A
  • Biofuels
  • Bread
  • Lactose-free milk
  • Fruit Juice
  • Biological washing powders
  • Insulin, Penicillin, and Mycoprotein
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7
Q

With the help of Anaerobic respiration, what can yeast produce?

A
  • Ethanol for biofuels
  • Carbon dioxide is responsible for the rise of dough in bread-making.
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8
Q

Define Biofuel.

A
  • A fuel that is made from living things, like plants or waste
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9
Q

How are biofuels environmentally friendly?

A
  • It comes from renewable resources
  • Releases fewer harmful emissions when burnt
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10
Q

What is Pectin?

A

A protein located in plant cell walls. It gives fruits their thickness and makes them difficult to squeeze.

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11
Q

What is Pectinase?

A
  • An enzyme that breaks down pectin.
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12
Q

Provide benefits of biological washing powders.

A
  • Good at removing stains as they break down large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble ones
  • Work well in lower temperatures, as a result, energy is saved since it doesn’t require hot water
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13
Q

What’s Lactase?

A

An enzyme that breaks down lactose into simpler sugars.

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14
Q

Define Fermenters.

A

Fermenters are big containers used by bacteria and fungi to make useful products on a large scale.

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15
Q

Provide some examples of products that are made in fermenters.

A
  • Insulin
  • Penicillin
  • Mycoprotein
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16
Q

How is Insulin made?

A
  • Insulin is made by Bacteria. It helps people with diabetes since it helps regulate blood sugar levels
17
Q

How is penicillin made?

A
  • Penicillin is made by using a fungus called Penicillium. It is an important antibiotic that fights bacterial infections by stopping bacteria from growing or killing them.
18
Q

How is mycoprotein made?

A
  • Mycoprotein is made using fungi. It’s a protein-rich food source used as a meat alternative.
19
Q

What are the conditions that need to be controlled in a fermenter?

A
  • Temperature
  • pH
  • Oxygen
  • Nutrient Supply
  • Waste Products
20
Q

CONDITION: TEMPERATURE:

Elaborate.

A
  • Maintaining the right temperature is vital as it affects microbe growth and reactions.
  • Too hot or too cold can harm or slow down microorganisms.
21
Q

CONDITION: pH

Elaborate.

A
  • Microbes prefer different pH levels
  • Managing pH ensures microbes grow well and produce the desired outcome.
22
Q

CONDITION: OXYGEN

Elaborate.

A
  • Some microorganisms need oxygen and some don’t.
  • Right oxygen levels help microorganisms grow well and produce the desired outcome.
23
Q

CONDITION: Nutrient Supply

Elaborate.

A
  • Microorganisms need nutrients (sugar, proteins, minerals) to grow and make things
  • Nutrient levels must be controlled for strong growth and maximum production
24
Q

CONDITION: WASTE PRODUCTS

Elaborate.

A
  • Microorganisms make waste when they grow and carry out metabolic processes.
  • Too much waste can stop them from growing and making products
  • Getting rid of it is vital to ensure microorganisms stay healthy.
25
Q

Describe the use of the enzyme pectinase in producing fruit juice.

A
  • Pectinase is an enzyme that breaks down pectins in the cell wall of fruits
  • By breaking down the cell walls, it releases the juice from within the cells.
26
Q

State 2 uses of Anaerobic respiration in yeast.

A
  • Making Bread rise
  • Making ethanol for biofuels
27
Q

Equation for anaerobic equation.

A
  • Glucose –> Ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

Biology (10 decks)

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