1.2 Specialized Cells, Tissues And Organs Flashcards
What is a specialized cell?
A specialized cell is one that has developed certain characteristics to perform a specific function
What is the function of a ciliated cell?
The function of a ciliated cell is to move mucus in the trachea and bronchi.
How is a ciliated cell adapted to its function?
Ciliated cells have hair-like structures called cilia that beat to move mucus and trapped particles out of the trachea.
What is the function of a nerve cell?
To conduct impulses
How is a nerve cell adapted to its function?
- Long to run between body parts and the central nervous system
- Has extensions for communication
- insulated axon for faster transmission
What is the function of a red blood cell?
To transport oxygen
How is a red blood cell adapted to its function?
- It has a Biconcave shape for increased surface area
- Contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen
- Lacks a nucleus to maximize space for oxygen
What is the function of a sperm cell?
Reproduction
How is a sperm cell adapted to its function?
- Has a head with genetic material
- Has an acrosome with enzymes for egg penetration
- Has many mitochondria in the mid-piece for energy
What is the function of an egg cell?
Reproduction
How is an egg cell adapted to its function?
- Contains cytoplasm with nutrients for early embryo growth
- Has a haploid nucleus
- A membrane that changes after fertilization to prevent further sperm entry
What is the function of a root hair cell?
To absorb water and minerals from the soil
How is a root hair cell adapted to its function?
- Extended surface area for absorption
- Thin walls for quick water movement
- Lacks chloroplasts
What is the function of a xylem vessel?
To conduct water through the plant and provide support
How is a xylem vessel adapted to its function?
- Has no top or bottom cell walls for continuous water flow
- Dead cells for a smooth stream
- Lignin-thickened walls for structural support
What is the function of a palisade mesophyll cell?
Photosynthesis
How is a palisade mesophyll cell adapted to its function?
- Column shaped for maximum sunlight absorption
- Contains many chloroplasts
What is the basic functional and structural unit in a living organism?
The cell
What is a tissue?
A group of cells with similar structure working together to perform the same function.
What is an organ?
Different tissues working together to perform a specific function
What is an organ system?
Group of organs with related functions working together to perform body functions
What is the formula for magnification?
Magnification = image size/actual size
How do you calculate image size?
Image size = magnification x actual size
How do you calculate actual size?
Actual size = image size/magnification
Compare and contrast the adaptations of a RBC and a SC?
- Both RBC and SC are specialized for their functions.
- RBC have a Biconcave shape to increase surface area and lack a nucleus to carry more oxygen
- SC have a head with genetic material, enzymes for penetrating the egg, and many mitochondria for energy.
- RBC are for O2 transport, SC are for reproduction
Explain how ciliated cells are adapted to perform their role effectively in the respiratory system?
- Hair-like cilia beat rhythmically to transport mucus which helps to keep the airways clear of debris and pathogens
